Vitamin D insufficiency is highly prevalent in patients with cirrhosis irrespective of etiology and significantly more common than their healthy relatives. Measurement of 25(OH) vitamin D and replacement may be considered as part of the overall management of patients with cirrhosis of the liver as well as apparently healthy individuals.
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https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15725 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.15881.
INTRODUCTIONStroke defines an acute vascular event in the brain and is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Stroke ranks first in frequency and importance among all neurological disorders. At least 50% of neurological disorders are of this type. Stroke is uncommon in younger age groups and affects males more often than females. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The diagnosis of a stroke is often clinical aided by neuroimaging. A stroke is a medical emergency and can cause permanent neurological damage, complications and death. Risk factors of stroke are both modifiable and nonmodifiable. Results of stroke vary widely depending on the size and location of lesions.The chances of survival in stroke depend on a great variety of variables.Factors associated with poor outcome after strokes are as following.
ABSTRACTBackground: Acute stroke is a heterogeneous condition with respect to prognosis. This study was undertaken with the aim to evaluate the significance of routine simple blood parameters and APACHE (acute physiology, age, chronic health evaluation) III scoring system as methods of prediction of 1-month mortality in stroke patients and to assess the sensitivity and specificity of APACHE III scoring system in predicting short term outcome in critically ill patients having stroke. Methods: Patients of stroke presenting within 48 hours of onset were included in the study irrespective of age, sex or type of stroke. The clinical evaluation, neuroimaging and blood investigations were performed. APACHE III scoring system was applied for each patient to calculate the score for each one. The outcome of the patients at the end of one month was determined as survivors and expired. Results: Among the total 120 cases in the study, 54.16% (n=65) patients survived at the end of one month. The mean APAPCHE III Score among the survivors was 45.3 and in expired patients it was 88.6. Taking a cut-off value of 50, APACHE III Score was significantly associated in predicting the mortality in stroke patients (P-value<0.0001).
Conclusions:The study concluded that a low GCS at the time of admission and increased serum creatinine were independent predictors of mortality among patients presenting to the hospital within 48 hours with first time acute stroke. APACHE III scoring system was found to be sensitive and reasonably specific in predicting short term outcome in patients having cerebral stroke.
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