Background: The declaration of COVID-19 as a pandemic was followed by a race for development of a vaccine against it. Covishield was one of the vaccines approved and successfully rolled out in many countries, including India, even before its phase III clinical trials were over. This study was done to determine the pattern of AEFI of Covishield vaccine. ACross-sectiona Methods: l study was conducted at a designated government vaccination site in Kannur District. 100 individuals above 18 years of age who had received both doses of vaccine were selected using simple random sampling. Data collected using a semi-structured questionnaire through phone interviews of the participants was analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The mean age of the study population w Results: as 47.37±11.9 years. 79% and 26% of individuals had experienced some form of AEFI after the 1st and 2nddose of vaccine respectively. The common AEFI reported include fever, local tenderness, malaise and headache.More number of younger participants(<45 yrs) reported AEFI after rst dose, with a signicant association between AEFI after 1st dose and age. Only minor AEFI were reported after each dose, with AEFI reported more Conclusion: commonly after the rst dose than the second dose.There was a statistically signicant association between the age of the participants and AEFI after 1st dose, with more AEFI being reported by individuals who were <45 years old. No such association was found between age and AEFI after the 2nddose of vaccine. Gender and comorbidity were not found to have any association with the reporting of AEFI.
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health problem. India has the highest TB burden in the world. India accounted for a quarter of global incident TB cases, 24% of multi drug resistance (MDR) TB cases and highest TB mortality rate in 2017. Thus it is important to understand the profile of TB patients. The objective of the study was to assess the profile of TB cases attending a directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) center in North Kerala.Methods: A retrospective record based, descriptive study was done in the DOTS center of Government Medical College Kannur, in North Kerala, to assess the profile of TB patients who attended the centre from January 2015 to July 2018. Details of 548 patients were collected from the record maintained at DOTS center. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using Epi info7 software.Results: The age group of 21-60 years was most affected. 68.53% of the patients were males. 45.62% of patients had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). Among the pulmonary TB patients, 74.27% tested positive for acid fast bacilli. Among cases of EPTB, most common type was TB lymphadenitis (40.8%) followed by tuberculous pleural effusion (22.4%). 87.59% of TB patients were started on category I treatment under DOTS.Conclusions: In our study, affected population was mostly males and those in productive age group. This is the group that has maximum chances of exposure to TB patients. 45.62% patients had EPTB. Total number of cases is on the rise each year, with maximum cases in 2018.
Background: Polio (poliomyelitis) is a highly infectious viral disease which affects the nervous system and can result in irreversible paralysis within hours. There is no cure for polio, hence it becomes necessary to prevent the disease through vaccination. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the polio vaccination coverage among children aged 12-23 months in a health block in Kannur, North Kerala.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among the children in the age group of 12-23 months residing in Pappinisseri block of Kannur district. Stratified random sampling was used. The details of 321 children were obtained using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. The data was entered into Microsoft Excel 2007 spread sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0 software.Results: Of the 321 children, males constituted 173 (54%) and females constituting 148 (46%). The total coverage of oral polio vaccines (OPV) (considering OPV-0, 1st, 2nd and 3rd doses) was found to be 92.8% and the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) coverage (IPV 1st and 2nd doses) to be 90.7%. Also, majority of the respondents were unaware of the use of OPV and IPV vaccines in the UIP.Conclusions: In spite of the efforts taken by the Government and the health officials, the OPV and IPV coverage has not reached 100% and also, the knowledge of mothers regarding the diseases prevented by the vaccines were very low. The reasons for this needs to be further evaluated.
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