A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive years of 2008 and 2009 at Instructional Farm of NDUA&T , Kumarganj , Faizabad (U.P.) to study the effect of phosphorus, sulphur and PSB on growth attributes, yield and nutrient uptake by mungbean. The experiment consisted of four levels of phosphorus (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>ha<sup>−1</sup>), three levels of sulphur (0, 20 and 40 kg S ha<sup>−1</sup>) and two levels of seeds inoculation with PSB (un-inoculation and inoculation ). Results revealed that the increasing levels of phosphorus up to 60 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> ha<sup>−1</sup>, sulphur up to 40 kg S ha<sup>−1</sup> and inoculation of seed with PSB increased the plant height, number of pods plant<sup>−1</sup>, number of seeds pod<sup>−1</sup>, seed and stover yield and uptake of N, P and S. The net return also increased with increasing levels of phosphorus and inoculation of seeds with PSB. Application of 20 kg S/ha fetched highest net return of mungbean.
Nine heavy metals were estimated in lichen, Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Moberg, collected from 12 different sites of Dehradun, capital city, to analyze the air quality of Uttarakhand. Total metal concentration was the highest at Mohkampur Railway Crossing, Hardwar Road (42,505 lg g -1 ). Dela Ram Chowk, located in the center of the city, also had higher metal concentration, 34,317 lg g -1 , with maximum concentration of Pb at 12,433 lg g -1 , while Nalapani forest area had minimum total metal concentration (1,873 lg g -1 ) as well as minimum Pb level at 66.6 lg g -1 , indicating anthropogenic activity, mainly vehicular activity, responsible for the increase in metal concentration in the ambient environment. In comparison with the earlier years 2004 and 2006, air pollution as indicated by similar lichen shows a considerable increase in the total metal concentration (especially Pb) in the ambient air of Dehradun city, which may be attributed to exponential rise in the traffic activity in the last 5 years.
Foliar application of benzyladenine at preanthesis stage retarded leaf senescence in mungbean. Chemical spray increased leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein, specific leaf weight, net photosynthetic rate and nitrate reductase activity. Number of pods, grain yield, harvest index and 100-seed weight were significantly improved by benzyladenine treatment. The possibility of higher pod-filling and thus, yield by chemical regulation of leaf senescence is evident in mungbean.
Background: Mutagenesis is the process through which an organism’s genetic makeup is irreversibly altered. The objective of this study was to determine the optimal ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) dosage to create desirable genetic variations in the papaya variety CO 7. Methods: The pre-soaked papaya seeds were exposed to five different concentrations of EMS (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1.0%) for three hours. Non-treated seeds were used as a control. Data was recorded for germination per cent, seedling survival per cent, seedling length, girth, number of leaves, leaf length and width, petiole length and girth. Result: A declining trend in germination and growth of seedlings with the increase in EMS doses was observed. The probit curve analysis based on the seed germination percentage revealed that the LD50 value was found to be 0.55% EMS which was fixed as an optimal dose for large-scale mutagenesis experiments in papaya variety CO 7. The R2 value ranged from 0.73 to 0.99 and the growth reduction percentage (GR50) varied from 0.69 to 1.16 for different seedling traits studied. Since the optimization of mutagen dose would be expected to create desirable mutations with nominal biological damage, this study might assist further mutagenesis experiments in papaya.
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