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during the year 2011-2012 to evaluate the "Effect of foliar application of 2,4-D, urea and zinc sulphate on fruit drop, yield and fruit quality of Kinnow mandarin." The experiment was laid-down in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with eight treatments and three replications. The study comprises of one experiment in which Kinnow trees under investigation were subjected to treatments of 1% urea, 0.4% zinc sulphate, 20 ppm 2,4-D (2,4-Dichloro phenoxy acetic acid synthetic auxin), urea 1%+zinc sulphate 0.4%, urea 1%+2,4-D 20 ppm, zinc sulphate 0.4%+2,4-D 20 ppm and urea 1%+zinc sulphate 0.4%+2,4-D-20 ppm. The results revealed that the foliar application of 1% urea+0.4% zinc sulphate+2,4-D-20 ppm (part per million) resulted in highest in various Kinnow tree growth character (plant height 35.33 cm, tree girth 2.81 cm, shoot extension growth 20.43 cm and tree volume 31.42 m 3), fruit retention 17.47%, yield (509 Number of fruit plant-1 and 81.31 kg plant-1) and fruit quality (fruit weight 159.83 gm, fruit breadth 7.03 cm, fruit length 6.12 cm, TSS (total soluble solids) 15.40 °brix, and juice content 51.90%), however lowest fruit drop (81.31%) in comparison to other combination and control treatment.

In the existing magnetorheological clutch, there is a problem of improper transmission of torque or inefficiency in the transmission of torque. Research is carried out to improve the design of the magnetorheological clutch. Using simulation techniques and experimental study, a new seal at the outer radius is designed to improve the torque transmission of the magnetorheological clutch. The fluid flow between the input and output shafts are studied using COMSOL Multiphysics v5.3a software. The optimized design of the seal is subjected to experimental study and torque transmitted is measured. The results show an improvement in the torque transmission with the introduction of the new seal.

In this research work, graphite flake has been used as an additive in magnetorheological (MR) fluid to improve its thermal and tribological performance. MR fluids with varying amounts of graphite flakes (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) are prepared to show effective thermal and tribological performance. A test rig is developed with a DC motor, torque sensor, and MR clutch operated in a shear mode to test the torque transmission. Results show the lubrication effects of graphite flakes in MR fluid. Torque transmission is improved in on-state and off-state using graphite flakes based MR fluid as compared to conventional MR fluid. Heating of MR clutch is also reduced with the graphite flakes based MR fluid. Wear marks and damages are decreased significantly with the increased amount of graphite flakes as found in surface roughness tests. SEM and EDS are used to characterize the worn surfaces. This research provides information about the effectiveness of graphite flakes in the MR clutch to improve the device's performance.