Background: Patients infected with HIV have an increased risk of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage as well as consecutive staphylococcal infections and is a major reservoir for MRSA which is potential risk factors for community acquired MRSA. Knowing the Nasal carriage status of Staphylococcus aureus and their Antibiogram will be beneficial for effective management of these patients.Methods: Nasal swab sample were collected from all the participants and processed for culture and identification of Staphylococcus aureus and their antimicrobial sensitivity. All the Staphylococcus aureus isolates were tested for Methicillin resistance by Oxacillin screen agar test, cefoxitin disc diffusion test and further confirmed by mecA gene PCR.Results: In this study out of 220 HIV seropositive patients, 43.64% isolates were confirmed to be S. aureus, 18.75% MRSA and 81.25% were MSSA. Cefoxitin disc diffusion showed 100% specificity (95% CI; 97.05%-100.00%), 100% sensitivity (95% CI; 83.89-100.00%) and 100% accuracy (95% CI; 97.47% to 100.00%) while comparing with gold standard mecA gene PCR. Among the nasal carriers; males (60%) ware dominant on females (40%). 31-50 years age group was strongly associated with MRSA nasal carriage. None of the isolates were resistant against lenozolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin while ampicillin (75%), ciprofloxacin (62.5%), clindamycin (59.38%) and cotrimoxazole (53.13%) showed increased resistance against S. aureus nasal carriage.Conclusions: Resistance among HIV positive persons for all antibiotics showed statistically significant while compared to control group. Cefoxitin disc diffusion can be used as surrogate agent for mecA gene detection.
Background: Pyogenic infection is a bacterial infection that leads to the formation of pus. Antibiotics are routinely prescribed to treat these pyogenic bacterial infections, but their toxicity poses a severe threat. It is important to know the antimicrobial resistance profile of such pathogens for proper management of the patients. Objectives: To determine the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern of pyogens.
Patients and Methods:In this cross sectional study, a total of 678 pus samples were received and processed for aerobic culture from various departments. Standard techniques were used to identify isolates from positive pus cultures, and CLSI standards were used to identify antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Results: Out of the 678 samples, 347 (51.18%) showed growth of pathogenic bacteria. Two hundred seventeen two (40.11%) Gram positive cocci and 75 (11.06%) Gram negative bacilli isolates were identified. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (57.5%). Most of the isolates were highly resistant to commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs like Amoxycillin clavulanate. Most of the gram positive isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin. Most of the Gram-negative isolates were sensitive to imipenem. Conclusion: Microbiological profile findings of pus culture isolates as well as their pattern of antimicrobial resistant may aid in the formulation of antibiotic policies for pyogenic infections.
The present study was aimed to perform in vitro detection of biofilm formation among E. coli positive samples and to correlate the biofilm production with antibiotic resistance pattern. Samples were collected from patients of all age groups and both sexes with a urinary catheter for at least two days suffering from symptoms of UTIs and were characterized by routine bacteriological methods. Ninety six wellmicrotiter-plate tests were done to determine in vitro biofilm formation. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by using standard Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. In our study, among 120 E. coli isolates for UTIs in catheterized patients; One hundred and four isolates were biofilm producers, among which 64 (53.33%) were weak biofilm producers, followed by 33 (27.50%) moderate and 7 (5.83%) strong. 16 (13.33%) isolates were non biofilm producers. The correlation between biofilm producer and non-biofilm producer with antibiotic resistance was found statistically significant with(P<0.05) for ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, co trimoxozole, norfloxacin, gentamicin, piperaclin tozobactam, cefoperazone + sulbactam, amikacin and meropenem. This study enhances understanding of biofilm detection and antibiotic resistance in E. coli. Conclusively it is helpful in the development of newer and more effective treatment in Catheter associated uterinetract infection (CAUTI) patients.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.