Myopia poses a significant burden on the healthcare system, economy and quality of life. It is an emerging global public health challenge and requires interventions to delay or stop onset and progression. With changing times and evidence, the concepts of myopia are changing along with the treatment and control strategies. Behavioural modifications including increased outdoors time and reduced near work, optical and pharmaceutical management options are reviewed. This paper presents a current overview on the concepts of myopia, and is expected to summarize updates on myopia control methods.
Dry eye is ubiquitous but under diagnosed ocular morbidity. Many people didn't recognize or refuse this ocular morbidity due to inadequate knowledge, but now our understanding of DED has improved dramatically over the last 20 years with advancements in research .Dry eye disease is multifactorial disease of tear film and ocular surface that result in discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability with possible damage to ocular surface. Tear film is a complex mixture of substance secreted from the multiple sources on the ocular surface, including lacrimal gland, meibomian glands and goblet cells. As the population ages, the prevalence of dry eye is likely to increase, yet the condition is often underrecognized and undertreated. This comprehensive review article describes our current knowledge and understanding of the causes and interprets the detail information on definition, prevalence, etiology, classification, diagnostic test, and method of management of dry eye disease. This paper also discusses on ongoing researches, current challenge and future directions for advancing knowledge and treatment of the condition. Via this comprehensive review, in the light of our current understanding of DED, we aim to provide awareness among the patients, health care professionals, researchers, and especially among them who are at major risk for developing DED about diagnosis and treatment of DED and recent developments and future challenges in management of dry eye disease. Beside these, we have also stressed on lifestyle changes and dietary behaviors that may affect the tear dynamics.
INTRODUCTIONCorona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health issue with unpredictable progression to ARDS. Therapy timing of anti-inflammatory agents and immune-suppressing medication is of utmost importance. Previous studies have consistently found elevated levels of C-Reactive Protein with disease severity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between C-Reactive Protein and severe SARS-COV-2 pneumonia.
MATERIAL AND METHODSOur study included 55 patients with COVID-19, admitted in COVID Unit of Universal College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (UCMS-TH), Bhairahawa, Rupendehi, Nepal from 16th June 2021 to 15th September 2021. We included COVID-19 cases confirmed by a RT-PCR test with severe pneumonia based on W.H.O criteria and those undergoing C-Reactive Protein levels.
RESULTSMales (56%) were more compared to females (44%). Age group 41-60 years were likely to develop severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Cough (44%), dyspnea (42%) and fever (40%) were most common symptom. Hypertension (34%) and diabetis (24%) were common comorbidities present. Patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia had average CRP value of 59.6 mg/l.
CONCLUSIONElevated CRP level was associated with COVID-19 severity.
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