Vitamin A absorption was studied using a water-miscible oral preparation of vitamin A in 19 children ages 1 1/2 to 9 years old with giardiasis and/or ascariasis, both before and after their eradication with appropriate therapy, and in three children without parasites. Marked impairment of vitamin A absorption was noted when administered in a water miscible form in children with 1) combined infection with Giardia lamblia and Ascaris lumbricoides, 2) giardiasis alone, and 3) in a proportion of children with ascariasis alone. In children with both giardiasis and ascarasis eradication of the infections promptly lead to a significant improvement in vitamin A absorption and restored it to normal. Children with giardiasis alone also showed improved vitamin A absorption after therapy. In children with ascariasis alone successful therpay did not lead to a statistically significant improvement.
Introduction: After December 2019, the word “COVID” became the nightmare to the civilisation. As per the nomenclature laid by World Health Organisation (WHO), the disease is called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the causative virus is Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARSCoV-2). By August 11th 2021, the virus caused around 43 lac deaths with an infection burden of approximately 20.3 crore worldwide. Many studies are published from most of the corners of the world regarding clinical features, laboratory parameters and radiological features of the disease to identify the infection at an early stage. Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are among the most commonly studied parameters in COVID-19, though in India, a smaller number of studies were done in this regard. As the disease itself is new to the medical fraternity, maximum studies were done with small sample size which requires more studies to confirm the findings. Aim: To find out the association of on-admission serum LDH and qualitative CRP with the severity of the disease. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective observational study conducted for three months from May to July 2021. A 114 Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 patients were included as per the inclusion-exclusion criteria of which 57 were from Intensive Care Unit (ICU), considered as ‘severe’ patients and 57 from ward, taken as ‘non severe’ patients. Required blood parameters including LDH and CRP values were obtained from Laboratory Information System (LIS) and clinical data was obtained from hospital database. The values were analysed using statistical software. Results: Present study showed significant difference in values of LDH among ICU and ward patients (p=0.0001), also significant difference of CRP positive percentage between these two groups (p=0.0003) was observed. Conclusion: Present study concluded that on-admission LDH and CRP can be used as a marker of severity in COVID-19 disease.
Aim: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in North East India Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is an increasingly prevalent condition which predisposes the individual to diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is made as per the AHA/NHLBI 2005 criteria. As per this criteria, metabolic syndrome can be diagnosed by the presence of any 3 of the ve factors (elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose). This study is being conducted to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, 100 adult patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected. Physical examination was conducted including BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure. Blood samples were collected after 14 hours fasting for estimation of serum fasting glucose, serum HDL-C, serum LDL-C, serum triglyceride (TG) and serum cholesterol. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among the study subjects was accordingly calculated. Results: Among the participants, 57 % were males and 43 % were females. The median age was 57 years (range from 34-78 years). 67% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in this study had metabolic syndrome while 33% did not have metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among males and females was 61% and 74% respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is quite high among patients with diabetes mellitus. Increased waist circumference was the most common abnormal parameter among others for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Application of lower cut-off values for waist circumference among Asians may help in increasing the diagnostic yield.
Background:It is an established fact that dyslipidemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases like myocardial infarction. Major well-known alterations in lipid profile include high serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Recently, it has been found that atherogenic index of plasma (AIP); which is a logarithmically transformed ratio of triglyceride and HDL-C; can predict cardio-vascular disease risk and can also be used for cardio-vascular disease risk stratification. In this study we have calculated the AIP from fasting lipid profile of patients suffering from myocardial infarction and tried to assess the correlation between AIP and myocardial infarction.Methods: The study comprised of fifty patients suffering from myocardial infarction aged more than 18 with no prior history of cardiovascular diseases. We measured fasting lipid profile using Vitros 5600 full auto analyzer and calculated AIP using online AIP calculator. Statistical analysis was done using “Microsoft excel 2019” with add on. A significant percentage (66%) of myocardial infarction patients had higher AIP (>0.21) and fell in the high-risk group. We also got a significant relationship between AIP-triglyceride and AIP-HDL-C (p<0.05 considered as statistically significant).Conclusions: AIP is high in myocardial infarction patients. In this group, besides high AIP, they also have low HDL-C and high triglycerides which are significant. So, AIP can be used as a tool for cardio-vascular disease risk stratification.
Background: Potassium is one of the most commonly affected analytes in a hemolysed sample. Many formulae have been devised to predict the actual potassium in a hemolysed sample. This study was performed to compare the predicted potassium value in a hemolysed sample to that of potassium value in a non-hemolysed sample of the same patient.Methods: The hemolytic index (HI) derived equation from the paper by Dimeski et al was used to calculate potassium value in this study. A total of 99 paired samples were evaluated where the first sample in a pair was the hemolysed one and the other sample was a non-hemolysed one.Results: This study found that the potassium value in a sample and its respective HI have weak positive correlation. However, there was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between the estimated potassium of hemolysed sample to that of the potassium in the non-hemolysed sample.Conclusions: Hence, we conclude that it is feasible to use HI-derived equation to predict potassium in a hemolysed sample to avoid repetition of each sample.
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