Context:Diabetes mellitus can have profound effects upon the oral tissues especially in patients with poor glycemic control being prone to severe and/or recurrent infections particularly candidiasis. The main aim was to study the association between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus and candidal carriage.Materials and Methods:The study design comprised of previously diagnosed 30 patients each with type 1 diabetes mellitus (Group A) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (Group B) and 30 age-, sex- and dental status-matched healthy non-diabetic individuals as controls (Group C). The saliva samples were collected and inoculated onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and chromogenic agar culture medium. Candidal colony forming units per ml (CFU/ml) values were determined.Statistical Analysis:Data were analyzed by χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman's rank correlation and Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results:Data analysis showed statistically significant higher positive candidal growth in Group A and Group B when compared to Group C. The CFU/ml values were significantly higher in Groups A and B as compared with Group C. Significant positive correlation of CFU/ml with fasting blood sugar level and HbA1c% in both Groups A and B was seen. Oral signs and symptoms observed in diabetics were dry mouth, burning sensation, fissuring and atrophic changes of tongue and erythematous areas, which positively correlated with candidal load.Conclusion:The glycemic control status of the diabetic patients may directly influence candidal colonization. The quantitative and biochemical characterization allows better insight into the study of association of diabetes mellitus and candida.
Fusion is a developmental anomaly defined as the union of two normally separated tooth buds. Depending on the stage of development, fusion may be either complete or incomplete. The significance of this particular case was that this fusion occurred in a posterior permanent mandibular tooth with a supernumerary tooth which was impacted, while such a manifestation is more reported in maxillary anterior teeth; either in the primary (0.5%) or permanent (0.1%) dentition. The genetic basis for this anomaly is probably autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance. The clinical features, radiographic findings and the various etio-pathogenic possibilities of this unique tooth anomaly are discussed. In addition, the essential findings for differential diagnosis include number of teeth, radiography and clinical features are discussed.
ABSTRACT:We present a case of a child with Cleidocranial Dysplasia (CD) undergoing multiple teeth extraction. This is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by developmental abnormalities of bony structures such as supernumerary teeth, brachycephalic skull, short stature and hypoplastic or aplastic clavicles. These structural abnormalities may pose challenges to anaesthetic management. However, there are only limited literatures describing anaesthetic implications of CD patients. Characteristics of this genetic disorder and implications for the anaesthesiologist are discussed.
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