Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine that performs a dual role as a tumor suppressor and tumor promoter during cancer progression. Among different ligands of the TGF-β family, TGF-β1 modulates most of its biological outcomes. Despite the abundant expression of TGF-β1 in the liver, steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression triggers elevated TGF-β1 levels, contributing to poor prognosis and survival. Additionally, elevated TGF-β1 levels in the tumor microenvironment create an immunosuppressive stage
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various mechanisms. TGF-β1 has a prime role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HCC. Moreover, TGF-β1 is widely studied as a therapeutic target either as monotherapy or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review provides clinical relevance and up-to-date information regarding the potential of TGF-β1 in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy against HCC.
Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the mucous and cutaneous tissue inside our mouth. It is a T cell mediated autoimmune disease. The two major types of OLP are Reticular OLP and Erosive OLP. They appear as white, lacy, patches, red coloured, swollen tissues or open sores. Its cause is unknown. The oral lichen planus do not pass from one person to another. This disease may be sometimes responsible for developing mouth cancer. Proper monitoring is needed for the patients who are having oral lichen planus. Personal oral hygiene is believed to reduce the symptoms of OLP. The topical or systemic corticosteroids modulate the patient's immune response. The natural treatments by using aloe vera, yogurt, turmeric, almonds, baking soda and lemon are very much effective in treating OLP. The commonly used homeopathic medicines used for the treatment of OLP are plantaga, mercsol and borax. The non pharmacological approaches used for treating OLP include PUVA therapy, laser therapy, cryotherapy and CO2 laser. Nowadays modalities like retinoids, dapsone, hydroxychloroquine, calcineurin inhibitors and mycophenolatemofetil are used for treatment.
Background:
Nimbamrithadhi Panchathiktha Kashayam (NPK) is an Ayurvedic formulation of potent plant ingredients with immune-modulating effects and anti-viral activities.
Objectives:
The present study is intended to identify the key target involved in immune and inflammatory response against SARS-CoV-2 via network pharmacology and also investigates the potent phytoconstituent within NPK in combating or modulating target response via molecular docking.
Methods:
Active phytoconstituents of NPK were filtered based on overall bioavailability and drug-likeness by Lipinski’s and ADMETOX prediction.
Results:
Results indicate that IRF 7 can be selected as an efficient target in regulating immunomodulatory and anti-viral activity via network pharmacology. Molecular docking studies show that apigenin (22.22 Kcal /mol), thiamine (24.89 Kcal /mol) and esculetin (25.21 Kcal /mol) within Nimbamrithadhi Panchathiktha Kashayam(NPK) possess better binding affinity in comparison with standard drug gemcitabine (14.56 Kcal /mol). Even though docking score is more for Esculetin and Thiamine, Apigenin within Solanum Virgianum (Yellow nightshade) and Azadirachta Indica (Neem) is considered as the active phytoconstituent in modulating immune responses and anti-viral activities based on the number and nature of amino acid interaction.
Conclusion:
To the best of our knowledge, no scientific validation has been done on NPK against COVID-19. The study indicates that NPK can be a better alternative prophylaxis strategy against SARS-COV-2 infection if further validated via suitable preclinical studies.
Objective: To formulate and evaluate propranolol hydrochloride topical gel for overcoming the limitations and low oral bioavailability associated with conventional therapy.
Methods: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gels were prepared by the cold mechanical method. The preliminary evaluation and further characterisation studies was conducted to find the optimised formulation. The in vitro release and ex vivo permeation studies were investigated. The histopathological studies and stability studies was also assessed.
Results: The propranolol hydrochloride topical gel was successfully prepared. The in vitro release of optimized topical propranolol hydrochloride gel formulation (G2) showed the highest cumulative percentage drug release that is, 95.55%±0.15 after 7.5 h. (G2) the formulation showed a higher flux value of 4.61μg/cm2/h. The histopathological study using pig skin revealed that the optimized formulation was found to be safe for topical application.
Conclusion: The formulated topical gel containing propranolol Hydrochloride seems to be a promising dosage form for enhanced skin delivery of propranolol hydrochloride in treating Infantile Hemangioma.
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