During the year 2020, Indian Railways undertook an extensive timetabling exercise for its entire network. The timetable for its six principal routes known as the golden quadrilateral + diagonals (GQD) was generated using a rail traffic simulation tool. The simulation tool and the methodology had to be customized to handle the complex technical requirements of the GQD network, which spans more than 9,000 km. Challenges related to using and integrating data into the simulator also had to be addressed. This was the first time that a simulation software tool of this kind was used for timetabling in Indian Railways, and hence, there were uncertainties regarding the timely delivery, which gave rise to additional challenges to the overall effort. This paper focuses on these challenges and the managerial and human aspects of this massive timetabling exercise. It also explains how this project leverages the benefits of combining top-down and bottom-up approaches in timetabling and how it sets a new paradigm for network-wide timetabling in Indian Railways. History: This paper was refereed. Funding: This work was supported financially through the Indian Railways–sponsored project titled “Implementing Zero Based Timetabling for Major IR Routes by IIT Bombay through Simulation Model of Mixed Rail Traffic” [Grant RD/0120-WRAIL00-002].
“I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones.” The above quote by Albert Einstein clearly forecasts the weapons of World War IV, but not anything about the weapons of World War III. What will be the weapons of World War III? How dangerous will World War III be? What will be the impact of World War III? This paper aims to answer these questions. Increasing commercial use of the Internet has heightened the security and privacy concerns. This paper shows the extent of risk to the life of an individual, country and to the whole world from cyber crime, which may lead to the cyber war. So the World War III would be the cyber war with the attacks of cyber bombs by cyber attackers. Further, this paper shows a comparison of cyber and traditional war with the after affects of both types of wars.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.