Background: Obesity is an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Children and adolescents with a body mass index over the 85th centile for age are classified overweight and those over the 95th centile, obese. Childhood obesity however can also lead to life-threatening conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, heart diseases, sleep problems, cancer, and other disorders. A physically active lifestyle as a child or as an adolescent is conducive to a healthy lifestyle and preventing disease, where as a sedentary lifestyle is associated with chronic disease and ill health. Available prevalence shows that childhood overweight and obesity are increasing dramatically in developed and developing countries. Childhood obesity can be brought on by a range of factors which often act in combination. Fitness training is needed to prevent secondary complication which occurred due to obesity. It is used to maintain the strength and endurance in the obese children. The purpose of the study is to find the effectiveness of fitness training in young obese children improve the functional activities in children and prevent the long term hazards of obesity and inactivity in children. Results: 25 participants were selected in the study. The intervention was given for twelve weeks, thrice in a week. The training time duration for every session was approximately 60 minutes with adequate rest periods in between. Post intervention data was collected for 4th, 8th and 12th week. The results showed extremely significant changes in BMI (p = 0.0007), Weight (p=0.0004) and Heart rate (p = 0.0009). Conclusions: The fitness training is effective in obese children.
Background: It has been seen that normal children have some behavioural problems that may affect their academic performance, despite of having no disability. The prevalence of such behaviour problems in children is alarmingly high. The number of affected children and adolescents is still staggering. Specially, in set ups where, there are very less number of teachers available for students, who are unable to pay attention on these behavioural issues of children. Thus, these problems are been overlooked, which in long run can create difficulties in shaping the future of the children. Hence, there is a need to pay attention by helping the children with the behavioural problems. There are some studies which show that behaviour therapy works to change problematic behaviours in children. Thus these strategies will help the children to change their specific behavioural problems and adapt to the social environment more efficiently.Methodology: 78 participants were examined for the study. Their particular problematic behaviours were selected and the interventions for them were set. Intervention was given for a period of 8 weeks, twice per week and the session lasted for a period of 40-45 minutes. Daily assessment was taken on time sampling and frequency recording forms. Behaviour Modification was applied.Results: Baseline data of Time sampling and frequency recording was collected and recorded on the first day before starting the intervention then at fourth week and then at eighth week. The results for the study were analysed through comparison of the results at baseline, fourth week and eighth week readings. The percentage increase or decrease in the behaviours was recorded according to the time sampling and frequency recording Conclusion: Behaviour Modification Strategies are effective technique to reduce problem behaviours shown by students in the classroom.
Background: There is a large incidence of congenital thoracic abnormalities that manifest as deformities and or defects of anterior chest walls. Thoracic abnormalities in preterm infants may also be associated with malpositioning in the incubator in the presence of respiratory disease and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Immaturity of respiratory and musculoskeletal system need to compromise biomechanical function of thorax. Thus, the purpose of the study is to access the thoracic alteration and the factors associated with its abnormalities in the infants born prematurely. Objective: Assess thoracic alteration in premature infants. Methods: This was an observational study with infants in first year of age, born prematurely with birth weight < 2000g. Exclusion criteria were: major congenital malformations as defined by the centers for disease contol and prevention, grade III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage or preventricular leucomalacia. Physical examinations were performed independently to assess shoulder elevation and thoracic alterations. Results: 34 infants born prematurely were included for the study according to the inclusion criteria from which 20 infants (58.8%) showed thoracic abnormalities and remaining 14 infants (41.1%) were without abnormalities. Conclusion: The prevalence of thoracic abnormalities was high in infants born prematurely, and was associated with pulmonary disease, and may also have compromised the growth rate of these infants during the first year of life.
The Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT) was developed in 1963 by Balke to evaluate functional capacity. The test was developed in frail elderly patients 60-90 years of age referred to a geriatric hospital, and it targets community dwelling frail elders. However, the test has been used in a variety of chronic diseases, in adult and pediatric populations as well as in healthy adults and healthy pediatric population. It is a common outcome measurement tool used in physical therapy to determine ones basic exercise endurance and functional fitness. It is simple to perform, and it can help the physical therapist evaluate improvement or decline in one's overall functional status during his/her rehabilitation program. It is a self paced sub maximal exercise test used to assess functional exercise capacity in patients with chronic diseases. The test has been used as an estimate of physical fitness in severe cardiopulmonary diseases, cystic fibrosis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, etc in pediatric population. Knowledge about its measurement properties is needed to determine whether it is an appropriate test to use in paediatric population. The purpose of this study will be to systematically review all published clinimetric studies on the 6MWT in various pediatric conditions.
Overview: Infants experience stressors. Stress responses in infants include physiological responses (HR and oxygen saturation) and behavioral responses (behavioral state, motor activity, and signs of behavioral distress). Modulation of the stress response in infants may reduce energy demands and enhance recovery. The characteristics of auditory stimulation provided by music differ from those of other types of auditory stimulation. The infants respond differently to music than to other random noises. This study was carried out to examine the effects of different types of music on vital signs of infants. Methodology: Thirty infants were included in the study. They were divided into two groups. Low and High pitched music was used with for two individual groups. The immediate effect was assessed through pre and post recordings for Heart rate, Reapiratory rate and O2 saturation level. Results: There was statistically significant change in Heart Rate, Respiratory Rate and O2 saturation individually. While comparing post data, except Heart Rate there was no significant difference found with both types of music. Conclusion: Low pitched music has better immediate effect than high pitched music Key words: High pitched music, Low pitched music, Infants
Background: Cancer is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality .Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer among women. Many breast cancer surgeries leads to dissection of muscles and soft tissue structures. After the breast cancer treatment many complications are seen in breast cancer survivors. In that myofascial dysfunctions are common. These dysfunctions are one of the common sources of pain and discomfort. Not only pain but this dysfunction also leads to decreased range of motion, decreased strength, and altered posture. Because of dysfunctions, an upper body function decreases and affects the activity of daily living. Graded theraband exercises are effective in improving muscle strength and shoulder range of motion in breast cancer survivors. And also helps to enhance functional capacity. Early rehabilitation can be implanted to reduce pain, improve strength and flexibility which will be helpful in minimize restrictions in daily living activities and improve quality of life. This effectiveness study will help to enlighten the status of myofascial dysfunctions in breast cancer survivors. The objectives of the study were as follows: To find out the effect of graded theraband exercise on myofascial dysfunctions in breast cancer survivors.Methods: A total 40 females who underwent breast cancer surgeries along with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or hormone therapy, were included based on inclusion criteria. All the females received thera-band exercises along with medications for five days per week and pre and post assessment was done with manual muscle testing (MMT), shoulder range of motion (ROM), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) questionnaire.Result: The result concluded that strengthening with thera-band showed better effect in the breast cancer survivors. Strengthening exercise program with resistance band showed significant improvement in the shoulder strength, ROM and activities of daily life.
BACKGROUND Haemophilic patients are more prone to obesity, due to physical inactivity which is a predisposing factor for structural and functional deformities. In obese people, long term loading has negative impact on lower limb and foot, which causes deformities like flat-foot. In foot, the primary component responsible for absorption and dissipation of forces is medial longitudinal arch and in flat-foot this arch is collapsed. Flat-foot causes pain and discomfort during weight bearing activities. In Haemophilic patients, obesity and flat-foot lead to further postural complications. As no study has been conducted on this topic before, we decided to study on this. The objectives of this study were to assess obesity, flat-foot and co relate obesity and flat-foot in Haemophilic adolescents. METHODS Height and weight of participants were measured to calculate BMI. Total 36 participants were chosen for this study. The subjects were assessed for flat-foot by using Staheli’s Plantar Arch Index. Footprints were taken to calculate the plantar index. The Staheli’s Plantar Arch Index was measured by dividing the width of central region by width of heel region on footprint, which was calculated as: a line tangent to the medial edge of forefoot and heel region, then a perpendicular line was drawn medially to laterally from mid - point of tangent line in central region of footprint (A) and similarly another perpendicular was drawn from heel region (B). The plantar index was then calculated by dividing value A with value B. RESULTS Flat-foot was seen in 25 % population having BMI between 33 - 35. Our data also suggested that age affects the medial arch of foot, the elder population showed increased percentage of flat-foot than the younger group. Individuals with type A haemophilia had increased percentage of flat-foot when compared with type B haemophiliacs, as type A haemophilia is considered severe type. CONCLUSIONS The results show that there is high prevalence of flat-foot in haemophilic patients, this requires rehabilitation and can help prevent further complications. KEY WORDS Haemophilia, Obesity, Flat-foot
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