Background:Patients with reduced consciousness level suffer from eye protection disorder and Keratopathy. This study was conducted to compare effect of three eye care techniques in prevention of keratopathy in the patients hospitalized in intensive care unit of Kermanshah.Methods:This clinical trial was conducted in 2013 with sample size of 96 persons in three random groups. Routine care included washing of eyes with normal saline and three eye care methods were conducted with poly ethylene cover, liposic ointment, and artificial tear drop randomly on one eye of each sample and a comparison was made with the opposite eye as the control. Eyes were controlled for 5 days in terms of keratopathy. Data collection instrument was keratopathy severity index. Data statistical analysis was performed with SPSS-16 software and chi-squared test, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis one-way analysis of variance.Findings:The use of poly ethylene cover (0.59±0.665) was significantly more effective in prevention of keratopathy than other methods (P=0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between two care interventions of liposic ointment and artificial tear drop (P=0.844) but the results indicated the more effective liposic ointment (1.13±0.751) than the artificial tear drop (1.59±0.875) in prevention of corneal abrasion (P<0.001).Conclusion:Results of the study suggest the use of poly ethylene cover as a non-aggressive and non-pharmaceutical nursing and therapeutic method for prevention of keratopathy in the patient hospitalized in intensive care unit.

CSE is not more effective than GE for improving endurance core stability tests and reducing disability and pain in chronic non-specific LBP patients.

Osteoarthritis of the knee is a debilitating condition affecting increasing numbers of individuals each year. One option for treatment is orthotic knee braces, but a little independent reviews have taken place to date on their relative outcomes for users. This study therefore evaluates the efficacy of different types of knee orthoses (braces) with regard to key aspects of use, including gait parameters, mobility and levels of comfort and compliance in subjects presenting with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The collated data is presented with relevant supporting literature and appropriate descriptions in relation to each knee orthosis type that was identified, within appropriate subsections with advantages and disadvantages appropriately allocated. An analysis of each brace as presented by the corresponding article is then described further in terms of the design and structure, user outcomes and assessment summaries. According to the study carried out in this paper, it is presented and proved that applying the use of knee braces can reduce the knee adduction moment (KAM), but the amount of reduction afforded varies between designs. All of the studies reported significant pain reduction and functional improvement with the use of a knee brace, although their effect on the knee joint range of motion vary. Knee braces long-term use depends upon high levels of comfort and patient compliance, and further studies need to be conducted on larger numbers of subjects over greater time periods to reflect the long-term outcomes accurately.

BACKGROUND: Force perception as a contributor to the neuromuscular control of the knee joint may be altered after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare the force perception accuracy in the knee joints of patients with ACL injury and healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty-six patients with ACL injury and 26 healthy subjects participated in this case-control study. Participants were asked to produce 50% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the knee muscles as a target force and reproduce it in their limbs in flexion and extension directions. RESULTS: There were significant interactions between group and condition as well as group, condition, and limb in the force perception error respectively (P< 0.05). The highest amount of error was seen in the contralateral limb of the ACL injury group when the reference force was produced in the injured limb (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings revealed that the force perception accuracy in the knee flexor/extensor muscles of individuals with ACL injury is impaired. Moreover, error is most evident when the patient produces force in the injured limb and replicates it in the uninjured limb in both flexion and extension directions. Therefore, the rehabilitation programs should encompass neuromuscular training in both quadriceps and hamstrings after ACL injury.

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Arrhythmia during surgery most frequently occurs during laryngoscopy and intratracheal intubation. Many surgical procedures require intratracheal intubation, which results in hemodynamic changes. These changes in ill patients and patients with limited coronary flow reserve are associated with serious events. Materials and methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 124 healthy patients who were elective surgery candidates at Taleghani hospital in Kermanshah. Patients were allocated randomly to each equal group of 62 patients with 95% significance and 90% power of test-retest for sample size. The patients had no history of disease or use of special medications. Drugs commonly used for laryngoscopy and intubation to prevent hemodynamic complications, intravenous lidocaine and sublingual nifedipine, were compared with independent and paired t-tests. Results: This comparison suggested that while the mean age, weight, and sex distribution in our two groups were the same, mean changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate increases in the lidocaine group were 12.6%, 7.5%, and 16.5%, and in the nifedipine group, 17.7%, 11.0%, and 23.5% (P value = 0.0052, 0.189, and 0.0001), respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, intravenous lidocaine is more effective than sublingual nifedipine for preventing hemodynamic changes while performing laryngoscopy or intratracheal intubation.

Background: A limited number of headache disability indices exist that can evaluate and manage different disabilities related to headache among Iranian patients. Objective: This study aimed to translate and validate the Persian version of the Henry Ford headache disability inventory (HDI). Methods: The original questionnaire was translated and culturally adapted to the Persian setting. A total of 250 patients with chronic headache were enrolled in this study. The questionnaire’s face validity, content validity, and convergent validity with Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were evaluated and a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted. Its internal consistency was also assessed and its short- and long-term test-retest reliability were examined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The content validity indices were 0.85, 0.99, and 0.97 for simplicity, relevance, and clarity, respectively. The content validity ratio was calculated as one for all items. The findings of CFA confirmed that this index had a good fit. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.91, 0.82, and 0.86 for the entire questionnaire as well as its functional and emotional subscales, respectively. The ICC was also calculated as 0.97 for the total inventory. The convergent validity showed significant negative correlations between HDI and short-form health survey items. Conclusion: The validity and reliability of the Persian version of the HDI were confirmed. This questionnaire can explore the disabilities of Persian-speaking people with headache disorders.

Background: Patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy demonstrate significantly reduced peak torques at the peripheral joints. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess isometric and concentric peak torques of the hip joint in people with type II diabetes with and without peripheral neuropathy in comparison with healthy participants. Methods: 27 patients with type II diabetes including 15 patients without peripheral neuropathy, 12 patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy and 15 healthy people participated. Isometric and concentric peak torques of hip flexion, extension, adduction and abduction of the non-dominant leg were measured by motorized dynamometer. Results: Peak and average peak concentric torques of the hip extension and abduction in patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy were lower than those patients with diabetes and control group. Angle of extension peak torque was significantly greater in patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy compared with other groups. Angle of flexion peak torque was lower in the patients with diabetes and peripheral neuropathy. Conclusions: Torque related parameters in patients with type II diabetes with or without peripheral neuropathy, are different from healthy subjects. As a result, patients with diabetes especially with peripheral neuropathy are more susceptible of injury and disability in lower limbs.