Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common lethal diseases in women worldwide. Recent evidence has shown that covalently closed Circular RNA (circRNA) deregulation is observed in different human malignancies and cancers. Lately, circRNAs are being considered as a new diagnostic biomarker; however, the mechanism and the correlation of action between circRNAs and BC are still unclear. In the present study, we try to investigate the expression level of hsa_circ_0005046 and hsa_circ_0001791 in BC. By using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), expression profiles of candidate circRNAs were detected in 60 BC tissue and paired adjacent normal tissues. Furthermore, the clinicopathological relation and diagnostic value were estimated. Our results showed the higher expression levels of hsa_circ_0005046 and hsa_circ_0001791 in BC tissues compared to paired adjacent normal tissues with
P
value (
P
<
0.0001
) for both circRNAs, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.857 and 1.0, respectively; in addition, a total 10 miRNAs that can be targeted by each candidate circRNAs was predicted base on bioinformatics databases. Taken together, for the first time, the results of our study presented high expression levels of hsa_circ_0005046 and hsa_circ_00017916 in BC; although there was no direct correlation between the high expression level of both circRNAs with clinic pathological factors, except hsa_circ_0001791 association with estrogen receptors (ER), high ROC curve in expressed samples indicated that both circRNAs could be used as a new diagnostic biomarker for BC. Moreover, miRNAs selection tools predicted that miR-215 and mir-383-5p which have a tumor suppressor role in BC can be targeted by our candidate circRNAs to affect the PI3K/AKT pathway; in conclusion, further studies are required to validate the oncogene role of our candidate circRNAs through the PI3k pathway.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer worldwide. Late detection plays role in one-third of annual mortality due to CRC. Therefore, it is essential to find a precise and optimal diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for the identification and treatment of colorectal tumorigenesis. Covalently closed, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs, which can have the same function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, as regulators of splicing and transcription, and as interactors with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Therefore, circRNAs have been investigated as specific targets for diagnostic and prognostic detection of CRC. These non-coding RNAs are also linked to metastasis, proliferation, differentiation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and drug resistance, illustrating the importance of understanding their involvement in the molecular mechanisms of development and progression of CRC. In this review, we present a detailed summary of recent findings relating to the dysregulation of circRNAs and their potential role in CRC.
Background
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women worldwide. Anti-apoptotic activity of cancer cells is considered the main reason for drug resistance in BC which reduces the 5-year survival rate of patients and is still considered the main obstacle for cancer therapy. Stigmasterol (SS) is natural phytosterols compound in the plant which has been proved to play an important role to lower cholesterol and inducing anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.
Methods
In this, study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of SS on the expression of anti-apoptotic genes (Bcl-2 and BCL-XL), and also evaluate its effects on cell apoptosis and cell viability using MCF-7 cell line as well as evaluating its effect on tumor growth of spontaneous breast tumor (SMMT) in vivo.
Result
SS significantly decreased the expression of Bcl-2 and BCL-XL genes (*P < 0.05), induced apoptosis, and reduced cell proliferation in MCF-7 cell lines. Our in vivo study also indicated that SS could inhibit tumor size after treatment with (0, 10, 20 µM) compared to the normal control.
Conclusion
SS can be suggested as a potential agent in BC cancer treatment or as an adjuvant based on its ability to decrease the expression of Bcl-2 and BCL-XL genes and induce apoptosis.
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