Background: To evaluate the occurrence of myocardial injury in acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) using highly sensitive cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) as a biomarker. Methods: An observational cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center over a period of one year (April 2017 to March 2018). Stable children with ACHD aged between 6 months to 5 years were selected as cases and age matched children without ACHD as controls. Echocardiography was done in all the patients with clinical findings of ACHD. A total of 83 children (55 cases and 28 controls) were enrolled. The severity of the ACHD was determined by the defect size and the pressure gradient across the defect on echocardiography. Levels of hs-cTnT were measured using electrochemiluminesence assay. These levels were co-related with the defect size and the pressure gradient. Results: The mean levels of hs-cTnT were significantly higher among the cases (0.044 ng/ml) than the controls (0.005 ng/ml), (p < 0.001). A positive correlation was noted between the defect size and the levels of hs-cTnT (r = 0.276 and the p value = 0.042) and an inverse relationship of the levels of hs-cTnT was seen with pressure gradient (r =-0.444 and the p value = 0.001). The development of pulmonary HTN was associated with higher levels of hs-cTnT. Conclusion: Higher levels of hs-cTnT suggest myocardial injury in children with ACHD and may be useful to stratify children for early surgical intervention before irreversible damage occurs.
The Green House Gas Emission (GHGs) from the carp culture ponds (n = 12) of West Godavari, Krishna, and Guntur districts of Andhra Pradesh and from the ponds (n = 4) of Moyna, East Medinipur district of West Bengal, India was assessed through carbon storage and carbon footprint analysis. The average inputs as Carbon Equivalent (CE) were 14407 ± 2651, and 9231 ± 1007 kg/ha in Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal, respectively. The average carbon storage were 6216 ± 2291, and 5360 ± 1439 kg/ha, in Andhra Pradesh, and Moyna, West Bengal respectively. The emissions of CO2-e and CH4-e were 1.91 ± 0.42 kg CO2-e/kg fish and 0.122 ± 0.027 kg CH4-e/kg fish, respectively in Andhra Pradesh. The emissions of CO2-e and CH4-e were 0.006 to 2.07 (average 0.72) kg CO2-e /kg fish, and 0.0004 to 0.132 (average 0.046) kg CH4-e /kg fish production, respectively in Moyna, West Bengal.
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