Background: Otitis media is a common inflammatory disorder caused by the effusion of fluids or pathological changes in the tympanic membrane of middle ear that leads to hearing loss in all age groups which may be either temporary or permanent. Objective: The present study aimed to identify the risk factors responsible for the onset and progression of otitis media and its subtypes as well as its associated co-morbidities in the South Indian population. Subjects and methods: The study constituted 2602 subjects including children and adults affected with OM and the diagnosis was confirmed by ENT specialists using all the required otorhinolaryngological tests. The study was carried out by the institutional ethical clearance. The data were coded and evaluations were performed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, PASW STATISTICS 18.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Results: squamous-chronic suppurative otitis media was highly prevalent (47.3%) followed by mucosal-chronic suppurative otitis media (18.5%), acute suppurative otitis media (17.6%), and otitis media with effusion (16.6%). The multinomial logistic regression analysis showed significant association of tinnitus with squamous-chronic suppurative otitis media; bilaterality, tinnitus and vertigo with mucosal-chronic suppurative otitis media while bilaterality, adenoids, tinnitus and snoring with otitis media with effusion. Significant differences were observed in different forms of hearing loss at higher frequency within the subtypes of otitis media. Conclusions: The study has revealed that otitis media predominantly affects all age groups and has a serious health concern in cases affected with hearing loss and its associated co-morbidities.
Objective: Diabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disease, characterized by fluctuating levels of glucose which affects multiple organs. Hearing loss is one of the most common otological disorders in adults with diabetes. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of otological diseases and hearing loss patterns in adults suffering from diabetes.Methods: A total of 174 diabetic cases with hearing loss visiting MAA ENT Hospitals, Hyderabad, India along with 420 age and sex matched subjects with hearing loss constituted the study subjects. The age group of the cases above 40 years and the diagnosis was confirmed by otological examinations. Hearing loss was evaluated using pure tone audiometry and average for the frequencies at 0.5,1,2,4 and 8 kHz was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using PASW STATISTICS 18.0 for determining the association of various demographic and otological parameters with hearing loss of diabetes subjects compared with non-diabetics.
Results:In the present study, chronic suppurative otitis media (47.1%) and presbycusis (27%) were the common otological disorders prevalent in diabetic patients with hearing loss at elderly age (>60 years). 44.3% of the study subjects showed prevalence of conductive hearing loss followed by sensorineural(38.5%) and mixed hearing loss(17.2%). It was also observed that there was a significant association of sensorineural hearing loss (OR=4.85; 95% CI=2.37-9.96; p<0.001) with advancing age (>60 years).
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