A
BSTRACT
Aim:
The study aims to assess the practice of using unsafe drinking water and sanitary practices among the population dwelling in slum settings of Bhubaneswar city, Odisha, India.
Subjects and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 288 households in the Bhubaneswar slums of Chandrasekharpur, Neeladri Vihar, and Trinatha basti. A questionnaire was administered face to face. Descriptive statistics were used to define the participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, household information, drinking water, latrine characteristics, and waste disposal.
Results:
The majority (59.7%) resided in kutcha households in notified slum areas, and 89.6% were reportedly illiterate. About 92.7% resided in a deplorable condition, relying on piped water (79.5%) from the community sources and 20.5% used it for drinking and household purposes. Around 83% of the respondents stated they did not treat water before consumption. Bathroom facilities were found to be inadequate, and 74.3% used pit latrines. The majority of household wastes (83%) were managed by directly letting them to the drainage system untreated. As a consequence, 91% reported breeding of flies and mosquitoes near their household premises and 70.5% stated having fever in the past 6 months.
Conclusion:
Despite the government’s initiatives to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) strategies, an extensive gap in practice was observed. As a result, Bhubaneswar municipality must strictly enforce policy and regulatory guidelines concerning WASH to improve the sanitation practices, particularly in the areas of drinking water and household waste management.
Introduction:
Recent data suggest a risk of gestational hypertension, proteinuria and pre-eclampsia among pregnancies after kidney donation.
Methods:
This retrospective study among females who donated kidneys (1997–2017) at a tertiary renal transplant center in Northern India assessed the maternal and fetal outcomes of their pregnancy. Data of participants were collected using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire.
Results:
In total, 925 female kidney donors (1332 pregnancies) in the pre-donation group and 45 females (48 pregnancies) in the post donation period were included. The mean age of first pregnancy, weight (kg) gain, proportion of history of pre-natal check-up, institutional delivery, and history of unrelated donation was statically significant among the post-donation group. The proportion of pre-eclampsia, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and post-partum hemorrhage was insignificantly higher among the post-donation group with higher preterm birth with low-birth-weight babies. Proteinuria (
P
< 0.05) was significantly higher among post donation pregnancies. In multivariate analysis, cesarean delivery and low birth weight (<2500 g) were common among the post-donation pregnancy group.
Conclusions:
The study demonstrated no significant risk to maternal outcomes butan increased risk to fetal outcomes in terms of prematurity and low birth weight among the post-donation pregnancy group.
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