Thoracic-ultrasound has a significant complementary role to computed tomography in diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Thoracic-ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed good positive yield (78%), its yield was negatively affected by mass size and necrosis. It is a simple, practical and accurate procedure without significant patients' risks.
Background: Childhood asthma is a complex disorder in which many environmental and personal factors play a role. However, the contribution of these factors to asthma severity is poorly understood. This study aims to determine the relationship between environmental exposures, personal factors and asthma severity among asthmatic children.
Methods: This cross-sectional hospital based study was conducted on 180 asthmatic children; they were divided into mild, moderate and severe asthma according to forced expiratory volume in first second. Environmental factors (indoor and outdoor), food allergy, history of other allergic diseases, family history of allergic disorders, time trend of attacks as well as asthma outcome were reported.
Results: Children with severe asthma were younger than those with mild or moderate asthma. Severe asthma was significantly linked to family history of allergy, presence of co-morbid allergic diseases, fish, egg and milk allergy, as well as exposure to passive smoking (73.7%) and poor housing conditions. Also, it was significantly linked to presence of unauthorized factories in residential area (31.6 %, p=0.001). As well as, contact with pets (42.1%). Children with severe asthma had more limitations of physical activities (73.7%), missed school days (81.5%), with poor school performance (p=0.04) than those with mild moderate or asthma.
Conclusion: Severe asthma was linked to female gender and younger age, co-morbid allergic diseases, family history of atopy and food allergy. It was higher among children residing in places with unauthorized factories and living in substandard housing condition. Children with severe asthma had poor asthma outcome.
Background: To analyse the clinical, radiological, laboratory, and bronchoscopic findings characterizing each type of bronchogenic carcinoma.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 123 bronchogenic carcinoma patients. They were subjected to history taking, laboratory investigations, computed tomographic scan and fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Results: The mean age of the patients was 56.9±6.7 years, 76.4% were males and 78.9% were smokers. Most of them were symptomatic, adenocarcinoma (ADC) being the highest symptomatic one. Expectoration, fingers clubbing, and fever were common in ADC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Dyspnea, haemoptysis, dysphonia, dysphagia, vocal cord paralysis, anorexia and weight loss were common in SCLC and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Deep venous thrombosis was common in ADC and SCC. Mass lesion, atelectasis, chest wall invasion and elevated hemidiaphragm were common in SCLC and SCC. Ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement, cavitary lesion, and apical lesion were common in SCC and ADC. Contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes enlargement was common in SCLC. Nodular lesion, consolidation and pleural effusion were common in ADC. Hypercalcemia and hyponatremia were common in SCC. Malignant pleural effusion was common in ADC. Most of the patients had bronchoscopically-visible lesions; SCLC and SCC being the highest visible types. Most of the SCC and SCLC were centrally located, while LCC and ADC were mainly peripherally located. Most of cases were diagnosed via bronchoscopy. More than half of the studied cases were inoperable at presentation, especially SCLC and SCC.Conclusions: The 4 pathological types are distinguished from each other’s by certain clinical, radiological, laboratory and bronchoscopic features.
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