Tolmetin sodium (TOL) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to treat arthritis. Potentiometric ion selective electrodes (ISEs) bypass sample pre-treatment, high-tech apparatus, and toxic chemicals. The current study aimed to develop and validate a potentiometric analyser for the direct assay of TOL in pharmaceutical dosage form and human plasma. We designed an experimental approach to determine the factors that affect the performance of the developed sensor. A solid contact glassy carbon electrode was utilized as a support for the developed sensor. The interaction of TOL with several ionophore was studied using molecular docking. The optimized sensor was fabricated using dioctyl phthalate as plasticizer, tetra dodecyl ammonium bromide as anion exchanger, and β cyclodextrin as ionophore. The sensor achieved -58.78 Nernstian response within 1.00×10-2 to 2.00×10-6 mol/L linear range,1.56 ×10-6 mol/L LOD, and fast response within 7 s. The greenness of the proposed method was assessed using the Analytical Eco-scale and the "Green Analytical Procedure Index" metric tools and compared with the reported methods and gained high scores. The proposed method has several advantages in encouraging quality control and clinical labs to routinely use the developed sensor in the assay of TOL in pharmaceutical dosage forms and human plasma.
Nowadays, green chemistry attracts the attention of analysts to develop methods that do not rely on hazardous chemicals, which negatively affect humans and the environment. Thus, an environmentally safe, sensitive, and selective HPLC technique was established for the analysis of commonly formulated water pills; Xipamide (XIP) and Triamterene (TRI), which are prescribed usually to treat hypertension in combination with the toxic impurity of TRI; Benzyl cyanide (BC). The assay of this water pills binary mixture was performed using several analytical techniques. Still, none of them paid attention to assay the related toxic impurity or evaluate the method's greenness. We utilized the HPLC C8 column to resolve the ternary mixture using methanol and 50 mM phosphate buffer in the ratio of (50: 50 by volume, pH 4.5) as a mobile phase, delivered at 1.2 mL min -1 and 220 nm was selected for detection of the eluate. Calibration curves were constructed in the range of (1-100 μg mL -1 ) for TRI and XIP, and (5-50 μg mL -1) for BC. Limit of detection was calculated to be 0.30 μg mL -1 , 0.45 μg mL -1 , 3.2 μg mL -1 for TRI, XIP and BC, respectively. The greenness profile of the suggested method was evaluated using the analytical ecoscale. Following the ICH requirements, the recommended method was validated and used to analyze the marketed formulations. The obtained results encourage the quality control laboratories to adopt the proposed approach routinely with the lowest harm to the environment.
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