Augmenting the electrical systems reliability can be accomplished by earthing every stage of electricity generation, transmission and utilization. An accurate grounding system resistance calculations recommend to consider the relevant realistic effective parameters. This paper demonstrates the effect of these parameters such as soil types, soil moisture status in terms of the ambient temperature and finally the earthing electrode types and dimensions. This study comprises the common soil moisture statues such as frosty, cool, wetted, liquid, worm or dries for each of boggy, clay, sandy, silty, peaty, chalky, loamy soils. Moisture proportion varies in these soil types that could lead to diversity of soil resistivity.Full description of earthing resistance profile in case of the different soil types, different environmental conditions as well as different electrode types will be presented. Individual MATLAB files for the different electrodes types will be developed. This work extends the soil moisture states and their effects throughout the whole earthing calculations. The system point by point results are in successfully agreements with the corresponding ETAP results. Keywords :Earthing system, electrodes, moisture, touch, step voltages, and fault cur rent. INTRODUCTION Grounding is predominately the connection between an electrical system and general mass of earth, the last being soil volume, rock and so on, dimensions are extensive in contrast with the electricity system. It is significant that, in Europe they tend to utilize the expression "Earthing" while in North America, the expression which is more common being "Grounding". The purpose of earthing in electric power facilities is to ensure effective protection of people and animals from injuries inside and outside the substation, as well as technical protection of expensive equipment in power substations. The human being protections, the building safety and the systems life time are always occupying the highest priority of the earthing systems designers concern [1-3]. The earthing systems, in fact have several different topologies. The classifications of these are broadly based on each of: Earthed system (power station, hybrid power station, residential homes or appliances). Earthing platforms (electrodes, soil and the environmental parameters). This work high light on the earthing parameters for a wide grounding dynamic range where all earthing electrodes (single rod, multi-rods and grids) can be used. Widest range of the temperature changes, as well as the excepted different soil types are considered. Grounding system calculations However, the high credibility of IEEE std-80 to calculate discretely the grounding resistance for different grounding topologies, the proposed calculations validate a complete resistance description in term of the whole grounding parameters. Summarized analytical calculations of the most dominant ground schemes are listed as follows: Single rod The single ground rod of fig.1, could offer the cheapest and most convenient means...
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