Objective This study aimed at providing a national prevalence of single and multiple developmental delays (DDs) among 41,640 Egyptian children aged 1 to 12 years and exploring DDs’ associated risk and protective factors. Methods A national household survey from eight governorates of Egypt representing the four major subdivisions of Egypt was conducted through systematic probability proportionate to size. All enrolled children were assessed according to Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, (VABS) as a reliable screening questionnaire for identifying categories of DDs that were verified by pediatrics’ specialists. Results The overall prevalence of children with DDs was 6.7%. The prevalence of a single DD was 3.9% versus 2.8% multiple DDs. Communication deficit was the most prevalent type (5.3%). Lower prevalence was identified for fine motor delay (1.0%), gross motor delay, and socialization deficit (1.5% each). Whereas deficits in daily life skills (self-help and adaptive behavior delay) amounted to 2.3%. Living without mothers and/or fathers in homes was associated with increased odds of having DDs by one and a half times (OR = 1.72 and OR = 1.34 respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed the most predictors for DDs including children who suffer from convulsions after birth (OR = 3.10), low birth weight babies (OR = 1.94), male sex (OR = 1.75), mothers having health problems during pregnancy (OR = 1.70) and belonging to middle socioeconomic status (OR = 1.41). Children who suffered from cyanosis after birth was found to be at risk for any or multiple DDs. Difficult labor was significantly associated with increased odds for multiple DDs (OR = 1.55). Higher paternal and maternal education was associated with decreased odds to have any DDs by 40% (OR = 0.60 and OR = 0.58 respectively). Conclusions The detected prevalence of DDs is within the estimated range of prevalence of DDs for the pediatric population. The majority of the detected risk factors are preventable. Developmental screening is recommended to be implemented in all primary care settings as a routine practice.
Age norms for grating acuity along with contrast sensitivity offer a more comprehensive measure of spatial vision and should be incorporated in clinical practice for better visual assessment in preverbal and nonverbal children.
Background: Toxoplasmosis is probably one of the most common parasitic infections of humans. While infection of healthy adults is usually relatively mild, serious disease can result in utero or when the host is immunocompromised. Toxoplasmosis in diabetic patients may occur due to recently acquired acute infection or they may suffer from dissemination of reactivated latent infection. In the present study, the antinuclear antibody prevalence was tested to determine the possible relationship with Toxoplasma seroprevalence and clinical findings in type I diabetic patients. Methods: Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were tested serologically in 60 patients of type I diabetes mellitus and 60 controls using ELISA technique. Results: The seropositivity for anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies in the study groups was 45% in type I diabetes mellitus patients (group 1) and 23.3% in the control (group 2) with p value = 0.012 showing a statistically significant difference between groups, while only three patients of diabetes type1 group were positive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM with p value = 0.244 showing no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Results showed that only one patient of diabetes type 1 (group1) had positive ANA and one control (group2) had positive ANA. Thus, no correlation could be detected from such results. Conclusion: The study results showed a statistically significantly higher proportion (45%) of seropositivity anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies among type I diabetes mellitus patients compared to 23.3% among the control group, while there was no association could be detected between the studied groups regarding the ANA.
Objectives:The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of visual impairment and percent distribution of childhood diseases affecting vision among preschool children (one day to 6 years) in Giza governorates of Egypt as a first step in National survey.Methods: A population-based survey was conducted on a multistage cluster sampling. Target population was one day to 6 years children living in rural areas of Giza, governorate using systematic random samples based on birth records. The total sample of children includes 4470 preschool children; 2304 males and 2166 females. They are socio-demographically surveyed for their living condition. Results:The total number of children subjected for ophthalmologic examination, visual assessment, genetic and pediatric examination were 2603 child. About 40% of them were diagnosed to have different eye problems. About 7.4% of examined children were diagnosed to have different genetic problems. Conclusion:This survey could be considered as the first building block of Egyptian health map by providing a baseline data on childhood blindness helping Egyptian health community direct their health services towards the actual needs present in the community.
Background: Proper management of medical wastes can help prevent serious consequences of catastrophic events or accidents in the hospital and its near or far environment. Method: A quality performance improvement project has been carried out to increase adherence to waste management policy of infection control, to ensure that departments are following basic health rules of their communities. In this project, the team utilized the basic Six Sigma breakthrough problem-solving methodology: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control (DMAIC) to examine the original (root) causes of the problem, in a healthcare facility in Egypt from January to August 2016. The team re-modulated a place for interim storage of hospital-regulated hazardous medical waste and compensate for workers' fatigue by participation of professional housekeeping company. Results: Weekly recording of errors in performance in waste management process demonstrates process stability through the first 12 weeks, and shifting towards the desired direction of reduced errors in waste management performance was obtained from the 13th week ongoing. Conclusion: Infection preventionists using their routine monitoring data could help the organization to fulfill accreditation requirements for quality assurance through the performance improvement project and to keep all hospital staff, visitors, and the surrounding environment safe and secure.
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