Asphalt contains a complex mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This work aimed firstly to assess the dermatotoxic and carcinogenic risk associated with chronic PAHs exposure, and secondly to investigate the causal relationship between PAHs exposure and cancer through studying the effect of PAHs on apoptosis. This effect was studied by examining the expression pattern of P53, Bax and Bcl-2 apoptotic proteins in skin specimens from road paving workers. The study was conducted on one hundred and fifty two male subjects classified into 122 asphalt fumes exposed workers (tested group) and 30 non exposed workers (control group); careful skin examination and skin biopsies were obtained from all participants after written consent. Biopsies were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. SPSS version 15.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that 71 (58.19%) PAHs exposed workers had erythema, itching, excoriations, chronic dermatitis, chemical keratosis, keratoacanthoma (KA) and nine (7.38%) exposed workers had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Imunohistochemically, wild type P53 was significantly higher in epidermal keratinocytes of PAHs exposed normal uninvolved (non lesional) skin (t=0.51, P=0.04) and mutant type P53 was significantly higher in SCC cases (t=4.79, p=0.003) when compared with control. A significant increase in Bax expression was observed in all asphalt exposed workers when compared with the control (t=2.73, P=0.03). A significant decrease in Bcl-2 expression was noted in PAHs exposed un-involved skin (t=2.49, P=0.047) while none of the 9 tested SCC cases were positive for Bcl-2. It could be concluded that chronic exposure to PAHs fumes in asphalt workers may increase the risk for developing dermatotoxic and/ or cancer through disturbing apoptosis. Although PAHs exposure can disturb P53, Bax and Bcl-2 apoptotic protein, more extensive researches on other factors involved in controlling apoptosis as Bcl-xl, Caspase family and Fas are to be undertaken.
This study aimed firstly to assess the dermatotoxic and carcinogenic risk associated with chronic asphalt fumes exposure, and secondly to investigate the cancer causal relationship by examining the expression pattern of P53, Bax and Bcl-2 apoptotic proteins in skin specimens from road paving workers. The study was conducted on one hundred and fifty two male subjects classified into 122 asphalt fumes exposed workers and 30 non exposed workers; skin examination and skin biopsies were obtained from all participants after written consent. Biopsies were examined histopathologically and immunohistochemically. Results showed that 58.19 % of exposed workers had erythema, itching, excoriations, chronic dermatitis, chemical keratosis, keratoacanthoma (K.A) and 7.38% of exposed workers had squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Imunohistochemically, wild type P53 was significantly higher in all asphalt exposed workers and mutant type P53 was significantly higher in SCC lesions when compared with control. A significant increase in Bax expression was observed in all exposed workers. A significant decrease in Bcl-2 expression was noted in all workers while none of SCC cases were positive for Bcl-2. It could be concluded that chronic exposure to asphalt fumes may increase the risk for developing dermatotoxic and/or cancer through disturbing P53, Bax and Bcl-2 apoptotic proteins.
The social character of the text in Une saison au Congo by Aimee Césaire: A critical approach of societal conditions Although we live in Africa 'the black continent', we are ignorant of blacks. So, this play has been chosen for study as an attempt to offer the nature as well as culture of one of these societies Poet and playwright Aimee Césaire was concerned with issues of blacks, colonialism, and slavery. In the play Une saison au Congo (1973), Césaire dealt with the reign of Lumumba, who started liberating the Congo and wanted to accomplish this enormous task in a short time. But Lumumba was surrounded by domestic as well as foreign conspiracies. The play ends with the assassination of Lumumba and represents many political, social, and cultural aspects characterizing the Congo. It could be said that the play is a historical work as it offers historical events as they occurred though in a literary style.In the current study, there is an attempt to answer the following research questions: How did Césaire depict the relationship between the colonizer and the colonized? How did the Congolese society develop following independence? What are the problems faced by the people of the Congo after independence? What are the political and social customs that Césaire criticized in the Congolese society?This study is based on Claude Duchet's societal critical approach and is divided into three sections: political aspects, social aspects, and cultural aspects.
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