No abstract

Introduction: Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) may represent a considerable diagnostic challenge, primarily because of the complexity of the classification and the rarity of several entities. Since proliferative activity is a reliable method to assess tumor biology. There has been continuous research to find such biological markers. Ki-67 is a widely accepted proliferation marker, with its expression tightly associated with the cell cycle. It is implicated in many of human cancers as a prognostic factor. MCM-3, member of minichromosome maintenance proteins family, is upregulated in proliferating cells. MCM-3 overexpression in almost all human cancers implicates that it might facilitate the tumorigenesis by playing a role in the malignant transformation of cells. Objectives: to evaluate the MCM-3 protein expression in benign and malignant salivary gland tumors and compare the obtained results with the expression of Ki-67 proliferation antigen. Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical analysis of 20 cases of SGTs with 2 sections from each specimen (20 sections for antiKi-67antibody and 20 sections for antiMCM3antibody) and 5 control cases. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using a Labeled Strept-Avidin Biotin method (LSAB). Results: Normal salivary gland tissue showed negative immunoreactivity for both Ki-67 and MCM-3 in epithelial and myoepithelial cells. All the examined cases showed positive expression for both proliferative markers in benign and malignant SGTs, with different intensities. Conclusions: The proliferative markers Ki-67 and MCM-3 proteins are overexpressed in malignant salivary gland tumors, than benign ones. Both Ki-67 and MCM-3 may be reliably applied as diagnostic markers to distinguish benign from malignant salivary gland tumors.

TOP2A gene status has a significantly positive correlation with HER2/neu status while it has a significantly negative correlation with hormone receptor status.

Opportunistic viral infections make an important threat to renal transplant recipients (RTRs), and with the use of more intense newly-developed immunosuppressive drugs; the risk of renal allograft loss due to reactivation of these viruses considerably increased. At the top priority of these viruses, human cytomegalovirus and other herpes viruses in addition to polyomavirus, reactivation of these viruses in these chronically immunosuppressed RTRs can lead to renal impairment and subsequently loss, unless early detected and properly treated. Keywords: kidney transplantation, viral infections Citation: Al-Obaidi AB, Jasim MB, Hussein MR, Kadhim HS, Habib MA. Opportunistic viral infections after kidney transplantation: A review. Iraqi JMS. 2020; 18(2): 79-93. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.18.2.1