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Aims: To assess the levels of perceived stress among college students in Saudi Arabia after changing the learning protocols because of covid-19 pandemic. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Saudi Arabia, from May 2020 to October 2021. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey study that was carried out in Saudi Arabia. A self-administered, pre-designed questionnaire, including Perceived Stress Scale of 10 items was used to measure the stress levels. The participants were selected randomly from different social media users  who lived and studied in Saudi Arabian universities.  In this study, 10-item questions of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used based on a 5-point Likert scale to score each item (0 = Never 1 = Almost Never 2 = Sometimes 3 = Fairly Often 4 = Very Often). Results: A total of 2034 students living in Saudi Arabia participated in the study. The results showed that 76.84% of total participants had strong stress, males reported higher score as compared to their Female counterparts.  Also, students older than 28 years reported higher level of stress, the students in Qassim region showed highest scores of stress. In addition, excellent academic achievement was strongly associated with high level of stress. Conclusion: The findings suggest that significant number of students had higher stress levels using the perceived stress scale. Therefore, this cross-sectional study identified a high stress level in COVID-19 crisis among university students in Saudi Arabia.

Telemedicine can significantly improve health care delivery for patients with limited access to medical services. Innovative uses of this kind of technology in the provision of healthcare is increasing with the emergence of the virus causing the disease COVID-19, there is an urgency to expand the use of technology to help people who need routine care. This study aimed to assess oral and maxillofacial surgeons' knowledge of telemedicine and its applications, and incorporation of telemedicine into their clinical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is a cross section, Questionnaire based study conducted among oral and maxillofacial surgeons in Saudi Arabia from November 2020 to January 2021. The study sample included 200 oral and maxillofacial surgeons from different regions in Saudi Arabia which has been calculated depend on reality of the Saudi health workforce during the next ten years 2018-2027 book and the total number of OMS and oral surgeons who was registered was approximately 300. The self-administered questionnaire (which was constructed after extensive reviewing of the literature in the same context) was distributed among the selected surgeons using online platform; the components of that questionnaire were: socio demographic characteristics, knowledge of telemedicine technology, using of telemedicine before and during COVID-19 and security of telemedicine technology. A Scoring Criteria used to indicate the knowledge of OMS and oral surgeons towards the use of telemedicine technology. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 69 OM surgeons were responded, of which 52.2% were females. The knowledge of the surgeons regarding telemedicine was moderate among 43.5% (mean: 11.6; SD: 4.12, out of 20 points). Surgeons who were working in the private clinic (F=2.982; p=0.027), those who had heard of telemedicine (t=4.987; p<0.001) and those who implemented telemedicine at a current workplace before COVID-19 (t=3.873; p<0.001) had significantly better knowledge score than the rest. Conclusion: Although there was an increased implementation of telemedicine use during the covid-19 pandemic, the oral and maxillofacial surgeon’s knowledge about it seems to be low.

Background Worldwide, the annual mortality from CRC is estimated to be 500.000. The incidence and mortality of CRC increase with age especially after 60 years of age. In Sudan there are no present population-based cancer registries that can provide database for epidemiological studies on CRC and its risk factors, for an effective implementation of the suitable screening programs. Methods A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted on all CRC patients who attended Soba University Hospital (SUH) between January 2004 and December 2007 to describe the pattern of CRC according to age, race, gender and sub-site location of the tumor. We considered that SUH is one of the largest central hospitals in Sudan that has integrated gastrointestinal and endoscopy units and receives patients from different sources of referral. Results During the study period, 202 patients with CRC attended both hospital clinical wards and endoscopy units between the ages of 10-90 years. Age was found to be independently significantly associated with both proximal and distal CRC (p=0.01). Gender and race were found to be insignificantly associated with both proximal and distal CRC (p=0.839 and 0.522 respectively). Fifty-two percent of patients were found to be of 50 years of age and below. The mean age for CRC was found to be 50 years. Almost 70% of the patients were found to have distal CRC and about 85% of them were having rectal cancer. Conclusions Fifty-two percent of the patients were found to be of 50 years of age and below with predominance of distal CRC among all patients. This gives a clue that screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy starting at the age of 40 can be of an appreciated secondary preventive value.Background Aim of the study is to assess tolerance, toxicities and results of multimodality treatment in elderly patients with rectal cancer. Methods 48 patients with rectal cancer aged over 70 years (70-84) were treated in our center. There were 31 males and 17 females with localized disease in the pelvis (19 stage II, 29 III disease, ECOG performance status 0/1 in 35 and 2/3 in 13). Nineteen patients were initially treated surgically followed by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Twenty patients were primarily treated with radio-chemotherapy followed by surgery in 14 while 9 were treated with palliative radiotherapy because of their poor condition. Radiotherapy was 3D conformally planned and delivered with 3-field technique on 18MV linear accelerator. Post-operatively the median administered dose was 40Gy and preoperatively 45Gy. Chemotherapy consisted of orally administered capecitabine in most patients. Results Apart from 9 patients in poor general condition, we treated the rest with radical intent. Treatment toxicity was significant in both groups (post-op and pre-op radio-chemotherapy). Hematological and gastro-enteric grade II-III toxicity occurred in 80% of those treated post-operatively resulting in treatment modifications in 78%. Those treated with preoperative therapy had better tolerance; grade II-III tox...