Background Poor balance associated with increased postural sway is a risk factor for the high incidence of injuries found during specific menstrual cycle phases. This fact led to the hypothesis that female reproductive hormones affect soft tissue and neuromuscular function, reducing postural balance and resulting in a high injury prevalence among female college students. So, the current study aimed to identify the influence of ovulation in association with sex hormone variation across the menstrual cycle on postural sway in college students. Material and methods Forty female college students were enrolled in this study. They were recruited among physical therapy students at Deraya University, New Minya, Egypt. They were aged from 17 to 22 years. They were allocated to a single group. Progesterone and estradiol blood levels were measured to detect the timing of the follicular and luteal phases, and a urine luteinizing hormone (LH) strip test was used to determine when ovulation occurred. The dynamic postural sway index was assessed by using the Biodex Balance system. All measurements were taken on the early follicular (1st–3rd) day, the ovulatory (11th–13th) day, and the mid-luteal phase (21st–23rd) day from the onset of menstruation. Results Statistical analysis showed that the anteroposterior, mediolateral, and overall sway index increased significantly during the ovulatory phase compared to the earlier follicular and mid-luteal menstrual cycle phases in female college students (P < 0.05). There was no significant variance between the early follicular and mid-luteal phases (P > 0.05). Conclusions It can be concluded that increased female sex hormones during ovulation affect postural sway, which may disturb balance and increase the risk of injuries in college students.

High-heeled shoes adversely affect spinal curvature, increase the risk of low back pain, and disturb the normal gait pattern. The purpose of this study was to examine, from a biopsychosocial point of view, the combined effect of wearing two different heel heights and of hormonal oscillation throughout different phases of the menstrual cycle on spinopelvic alignment. Notably, 70 females with an average age of 20.42 ± 1.51 years participated in this study, wearing each female two different heel heights as follows: low (2.5 cm) and high (7 cm). Spinopelvic alignment was evaluated by rasterstereography formetric 3D analysis during early follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) on spinopelvic alignment [kyphotic angle (KA), trunk inclination (TI), and pelvic inclination] between wearing low- or high-heeled shoes during early follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Considering that high-heeled shoes are traditionally associated with femininity, body image, beauty, and charm, this research has important biopsychosocial implications that should be explored in detail in future studies.

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent metabolic and reproductive disorders that have been linked to hyperandrogenism, and anovulatory infertility in females of reproductive age.Objective: The aim of the work was to compare the influence of electroacupuncture and ultrasonic cavitation on sex hormones in obese, infertile PCO patients. Patients and Methods:This prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled study included a total of forty obese, infertile PCO women, selected from the