Rapid eye movement-predominant obstructive sleep apnea has been shown to be independently associated with hypertension. this study aimed to non-invasively measure blood pressure during the rapid eye movement (ReM) and non-rapid eye movement (nReM) obstructive events and the postobstructive event period. thirty-two consecutive continuous positive airway pressure-naïve obstructive sleep apnea patients (men, 50%) aged 50.2 ± 12 years underwent overnight polysomnography. Blood pressure was assessed indirectly using a validated method based on the pulse transit time and pulse wave velocity during the nReM and ReM obstructive events (both apneas and hypopneas) and the postobstructive event period. Among the recruited patients, 10 (31.3%) had hypertension. Mean apneahypopnea index was 40.1 ± 27.6 events/hr. Apnea-hypopnea indexes were 38.3 ± 30.6 and 51.9 ± 28.3 events/hr for NREM and REM sleep, respectively. No differences were detected in obstructive respiratory event duration or degree of desaturation between REM and NREM sleep. Additionally, no difference in blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) was detected between REM and NREM sleep during obstructive events and post-obstructive event period. Simple linear regression identified history of hypertension as a predictor of increased systolic blood pressure during obstructive events and postobstructive event period in both rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement sleep. oxygen desaturation index was also a predictor of increased systolic blood pressure during obstructive events and post-obstructive event period in REM sleep. When obstructive event duration and the degree of desaturation were comparable, no difference in blood pressure was found between REM and NREM sleep during obstructive events and post-obstructive event period.

Background: During the past few years there was a western influence in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia and as a result of it the eating habits among the male college students had rapidly changed which also increased the prevalence rate of overweight and obesity. Therefore the objectives of the study were 1) To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a sample of male college students in Abha, Saudi Arabia. 2) To determine the relationship between the Student’s body weight and their eating habits. Methods: A cross-Sectional study was done among 445 male college students from king Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia. Study participants were selected randomly and self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed by using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS Inc. version 16.) and expressed in percentages. Results: The study found that 28% and 20 % of students were overweight and obese. Daily intake of snacks and lack of consumption of vegetable and fruits were found to be the common dietary habits among the male college students. Majority of the students were aware about the balanced nutrition and it was positively correlated with the normal body weight. Conclusions: The current study suggest involvement of college Administration and family members will further reduce the burden of overweight and obesity among college students in the nation.

A limited number of papers have addressed the association between non-dipping-blood pressure (BP) obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and no study has assessed BP-dipping during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep in OSA patients. This study sought to noninvasively assess BP-dipping during REM and non-REM (NREM)-sleep using a beat-by-beat measurement method (pulse-transit-time (PTT)). Thirty consecutive OSA patients (men = 50%) who had not been treated for OSA before and who had > 20-min of REM-sleep were included. During sleep, BP was indirectly determined via PTT. Patients were divided into dippers and non-dippers based on the average systolic-BP during REM and NREM-sleep. The studied group had a a median age of 50 (42–58.5) years and a body mass index of 33.8 (27.6–37.5) kg/m2. The median AHI of the study group was 32.6 (20.1–58.1) events/h (range: 7–124), and 89% of them had moderate-to-severe OSA. The prevalence of non-dippers during REM-sleep was 93.3%, and during NREM-sleep was 80%. During NREM sleep, non-dippers had a higher waist circumference and waist-hip-ratio, higher severity of OSA, longer-time spent with oxygen saturation < 90%, and a higher mean duration of apnea during REM and NREM-sleep. Severe OSA (AHI ≥ 30) was defined as an independent predictor of non-dipping BP during NREM sleep (OR = 19.5, CI: [1.299–292.75], p-value = 0.03). This short report demonstrated that BP-dipping occurs during REM and NREM-sleep in patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. There was a trend of more severe OSA among the non-dippers during NREM-sleep, and severe OSA was independently correlated with BP non-dipping during NREM sleep.

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