The yarn suction gun is a kind of fluid machinery using compressed air as power. Airflow geometry in the gun has a significant influence on the airflow distribution, which decides the yarn suction performance. To clarify the effect of the nozzle structure on the yarn suction performance, we designed 16 nozzles, determined yarn suction force F, mass flow rate of compressed air G and analyzed yarn suction efficiency , which is defined as the ratio of F to G. The rational geometrical parameters are obtained as follows: the number of jet orifices N ¼ 3, jet orifice diameter d ¼ 1.6 mm, jet orifice angle f ¼ 75 and passage diverging angle of the nozzle ¼ 60 . A smaller N reduces the conflict between jet streams and then increases . Decreasing d contributes to greater but smaller F. In the range of f 75, increasing f causes both F and to increase. An appropriate promotes the yarn suction performance by helping the injected air to go forward smoothly and reducing backflow. It is more rational to use to evaluate the yarn suction performance.
Software CFX 12.1 was employed to conduct simulation of the fluid field inside yarn suction guns that possess different jet orifice structures and the relation between fluid field distribution and yarn suction performance was analyzed. The effect mechanism of jet orifice structure on properties of yarn suction gun was clarified, achieving reasonable structural parameters: orifice number N was 3, orifice diameter d was 2.0 mm, and orifice angle was 75˚. The results indicated that increment of jet orifice number led to the increase of free diffusion of ejected airflow and enhancement of directivity, meanwhile, the air density near tube wall inside the gun and the circumferential velocity component of air were improved, thereby the yarn suction force was increased. The conflict among ejected airflows was increased by the superabundant jet orifice number, leading to the decreased yarn suction force. Reasonable orifice diameter was beneficial to the formation of strong swirling flow, and can prevent the occurrence of normal shock, resulting in the increased yarn suction force. The angle of jet orifice mainly controlled the circumferential velocity component value of air that causing the change of swirling flow strength thus changed the yarn suction force. The yarn suction efficiency was closely relative to the distribution of airflow; especially the influence of the circumferential velocity component of air was the most significant. The occurrence of normal shock was not beneficial to the enhancement of yarn suction force, which should be avoided as much as possible.
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