Bone diseases such as osteoporosis are mainly caused by upregulated activity of osteoclasts. The present study was designed to examine the effects of light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on the formation and activity of multinucleated osteoclasts, specifically "round-shaped" osteoclast cells (ROC) in different cell types derived from mouse. After 635-nm LED irradiation, the cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. The amount of total tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) + osteoclast and the number of ROC cells were also estimated by TRAP solution assay and TRAP staining, respectively. Actin rings were stained with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin, and resorption assay was performed by dentin slices. In addition, gene expression levels between the control and irradiation groups were evaluated by RT-PCR. In a morphological analysis, the formation of ROC was significantly inhibited by 635-nm LED irradiation in the different cell types. Actin rings were seen at cell peripheries in most ROC cells of the control group, but patches containing disorganized actin were found in the irradiation group. Both the number of ROCs and bone resorption activity were much lower in the irradiation group than in the control group. Also, the gene expression levels involved in actin ring formation such as integrin β3 and c-Src decreased in RT-PCR analysis. Overall, 635-nm LED therapy may play a pivotal role in regulating bone remodeling, and it may prove to be a valuable tool to prevent bone loss in osteoporosis and other resorptive bone diseases.

15 ± 2.6, 3.21 ± 4.6, 3.03 ± 1.83, 4.28 ± 6.12, and 4.96 ± 1.89-fold

Weissella cibaria appears to have broad-spectrum health benefits. Here, we report the genome sequence of Weissella cibaria strain BM2, which was isolated from homemade kimchi; it consists of one circular chromosome of 2,462,443 bp and one plasmid of 11,067 bp. A total of 2,337 coding sequences were predicted, including 2,117 protein-coding sequences and a G+C content of 45.06%.

We present here the complete genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis strain DKU_NT_03 isolated from the traditional Korean food chung-gook-jang, which is made from soybeans. This strain was chosen to identify genetic factors with high-quality nattokinase activity.

In the present work, we report the complete genome sequence of Bacillus velezensis DKU_NT_04, isolated from cheonggukjang, which is a traditional Korean fermented soybean paste. The final genome assembly consists of a 4.328-Mbp chromosome with 4,134 coding sequences and a G+C content of 45.21%.

The complete genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis strain DKU_NT_02, isolated from traditional Korean food using soybeans (chung-gook-jang), is presented here. This strain was chosen to help identify genetic factors with high-quality poly-γ-glutamic acid (γPGA) activity.

Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis strain DKU_NT_01 isolated from traditional Korean food containing soybean (chung-gook-jang). The de novo genome of Bacillus subtilis strain DKU_NT_01 has one contig and G+C content of 55.4%, is 4,954,264 bp in length, and contains 5,011 coding sequences (CDSs).

Here, we report the genome sequence of Flagellimonas sp. strain CMM7, which was isolated from a marine green alga, Codium minus (Schmidt) Silva, in Jeju Island, South Korea. The genome is complete and consists of 4,421,981 bp, with a GC content of 37.5%, 3,942 predicted protein-coding sequences, and 49 RNA genes.