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In developing countries, where about three quarters of births occur at home or in the community, logistic problems prevent the weighing of every newborn child. A study was performed to see whether other simpler measurements could be substituted for weight to identify neonates of low birth weight and those at risk.A study of 520 hospital births showed a strong correlation (p<0-001) between other anthropometric variables and birth weight, but the correlation was maximum for chest circumference (r=0-8696) and mid-arm circumference (r=0-8110). A mid-arm circumference of -t<8-7 cm and a chest circumference of 630 cm had the best sensitivity and specificity for identifying neonates with a birth weight of 2500 g or less. Measurements on 501 consecutive live births in the community were recorded and the infants foliowed up at specified ages. Mid-arm circumference was again significantly correlated to birth weight (r=0-6918). Neonatal mortality showed an inverse relation but postneonatal mortality an inconsistent relation with mid-arm circumference. A mid-arm circumference of <8-7 cm and a birth weight of :2500 g were equally useful in predicting neonatal outcome.Mid-arm and chest circumferences are simple, practicable, quick, and reliable indicators for predicting low birth weight and neonatal outcome in the community and can be easily measured by paramedical workers in developing nations.

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Energy levels, lifetimes and wavefunction compositions have been computed for all levels of odd parity 4s24p5 ground configuration as well as 4s4p6 and 4s24p44d even parity excited configurations in Br-like Sr IV, Y V, Zr VI, Nb VII and Mo VIII. Transition probabilities, oscillator strengths and line strengths for the electric dipole (E1) transition from the 4s24p5 configuration have been obtained using the multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock approach. Correlations within the n = 4 complex, Breit and quantum electrodynamics effects have been included. We make a detailed comparison of our results with those of other numerical methods and experiments to assess the quality of our results. Good agreement is observed between our results and those obtained using different approaches confirm the quality of our results. Further, we have also predicted new atomic data that were not available so far and are yet to be observed.

Energy levels, lifetimes, and wavefunction compositions have been calculated for all levels of odd parity 3s23p5 ground configuration as well as 3s3p6 and 3s23p43d even parity excited configurations in highly charged Cl-like tungsten ion. Transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, and line strengths for E1, E2, M1, and M2 transitions have been obtained using the fully relativistic multiconfiguration Dirac–Fock (MCDF) approach including the correlations within the n = 3 complex, some n = 3 → n = 4 single and double excitations and Breit and quantum electrodynamics effects. For comparison from our calculated energy levels, we have also calculated the energy levels by using the fully relativistic flexible atomic code (FAC). The validity of the method is assessed by comparison with previously published experimental and theoretical data. The excellent agreement observed between our calculated results and those obtained using different approaches confirm the accuracy of our results. Additionally, we have predicted some new atomic data for W57+ that are not available so far and may be important for plasma diagnostic analysis in fusion plasma.