The Italian translation of Erekle the Second’s letter maintained in the archive of Vienna which was published in 1979 by Professor Ilia Tabaghua, reveals a sensational secret. In this letter we found a unique delf unveiling the fact that after the Krtsanisi tragedy suffered in 1795 Erekle the Second addressed Europe.In the course of studies and analyses we came across several delfs in one document that had been considered to be one letter, namely, in the Italian translation of a letter by Erekle the Second; chronologically these delfs turned out to be significantly distant from one other. Further studies conducted on these delfs brought us to the conclusion that in 1795, after the Krtsanisi tragedy, Erekle the Second’s ambassadors arrived to Vienna and handed the letter to the Emperor of Austria.In the Italian translation of a document by Erekle the Second that had been considered by scientists to be one single letter and which is dated with 1782, the fragment saying that “in these days the king’s residence in the East was totally destroyed” caused the first suspicion. We want to especially underline the circumstance that there is no evidence of destruction of any city or a town what could be considered to be the eastern residence of the king, found in the 80-s of the XVIII century. Therefore, there is only one way left – we should accept it that Erekle the Second is speaking about the fact of Agha Mohammad Khan destroying Tbilisi in 1795 – the tragedy that took place 13 years later. It is another fact that in 1782 Erekle the Second had no means to write about the events that would have taken place in 1795.And thus, we have come to the conclusion that the Italian translation of the letter by Erekle the Second prepared by the chancellery of the Emperor of Austria based upon the letter sent by Erekle, is not a single letter but a compilation of at least two letters written by him. We should give due significance to the fact that the mentioned Italian translation does not contain any specific personalized addressee but is addressed to the Emperor of Austria, not revealing to which of the Emperors it addresses namely. The translation does not contain any concrete date either. The article provides review of the purposes and goals that the ambassadorial mission of late fall of 1795 sent by the king Erekle to the Emperor of Austria as well as other delfs of the above mentioned letter that cause suspicion and that unambiguously confirm it that certain fragments of the letter are written in 1795 which on its part implies confirmation of the fact that in the late fall of the year 1795 there had place a diplomatic communication between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Kartli and Kakheti.This latter fact abolishes the view that had been established in historiography up today that Erekle the Second unconventionally turned to Russia after Agha Mohammad Khan brought Tbilisi to earth in 1795.
Current research is dedicated to the unstudied event of the Georgian diplomacy in the 80-ies of the XVIII century – unknown death of Capuchin ambassadors Domenico and Mauro Veronelli sent to Europe by Erekle II, the king of Kartli-Kakheti.Instruction (dated: 1782) of Catharine II confirms that Imperial Court of St. Petersburg was the initiator and interested force to disrupt the Ambassade sent to the Emperor of Austria by Erekle II.Based on the analysis of the primary sources preserved in the archives of Austria and Italy and the background political events, the current article reviews the preconditions and arguments unequivocally proving the assassinations of Erekle’s ambassadors and indicating that referred assassinations were ordered by the Imperial Court of Russia.
The present study is the first attempt in historiography to evaluate the Treatise of Iberian Kings, signed in 1790, within the context of the international political processes of the corresponding period. Development of the events in the Georgian political field and the need for a documentary declaration of military-political unity can be explained only by the Greek Projectthe Austrian-Russian project of the redistribution of Europe in the 70-the 90s of the XVIII century. The article shows that the declaration of the unity of the Georgian political space became necessary during the truce negotiations with the Ottoman Empire in 1791 in Yasa. Based on the referred document, Russia should have declared a united Georgia as a separate buffer political space together with the Dacian Kingdom and the Greek Empire in accordance with the structure of the Greek Project. It is stated, for the first time in historiography that the need to sign the Treatise of Iberian Kings is directly related to the truce negotiation process during the Russian-Ottoman war. Hence, the Georgian political spectrum had claims to return Adjara and Samtskhe Saatabago during the process of possible redistribution of the Ottoman Empire, June 23, 2023 • Oxford, United Kingdom • 275 . and whether the referred political process had any outlined principles. To what extent the integration of a new format state into the international political space was possible in the event of the realization of the idea of Georgian unity. Whether the international processes made any contribution to the unification of Georgia.The novelty of the study The issue of the unification of the Kartli-Kakheti and Imereti kingdoms, in relation with the project of the redistribution of Europe in the 70-90s of the XVIII century is reviewed for the first time in the present study. Moreover, the Treatise on Iberian Kings and Chiefs within the context of the unification of the Kartli-Kakheti and Imereti kingdoms is reviewed for the first time as well.The specific purpose of the Treaty as a legally formalized document of a united Georgian political space within the international political processes is explained for the first time in historiography.The opinion that the diplomatic service of the Russian Imperial Court was supposed to support the international interests of Kartli-Kakheti during the Yasa truce negotiation process in 1791 (during the possible redistribution of the territories of the Ottoman Empire) based on this document is expressed for the first time.The present study is a part of our scientific monograph, which is devoted to the Russian-Austrian plan for the transformation of Europe in the 70-90s of the XVIII century -the Greek project. Excerpts from our research have been published in various scientific publications in Oxford [43; 59],
The Russian-Austrian agreement on the redistribution of Europe of the XVIII century, known in historiography as the Greek Project, does not exist in the format of an official document, but the parties of this treaty, on the one hand, the Russian Empress Catherine II and, on the other hand, the Austrian Emperor Joseph II agree in letters written to each other (dated: May 21, May 24 and September 10, 1782) that the facts and conditions set forth in the referred letters have an official form and fulfillment is mandatory not only for them, but for their descendants as well.However, the basic principles of the Greek Projectthe plan for the restoration of the Dacian Kingdom and the Greek Empireare known in historiography. A number of important details can be found in the epistolary-documentary materials that were supposed to ensure the implementation of this project and make an influence on the political situation of that period.Since the European diplomacy of the 80-ies of the XVIII century and the subsequent period was based on the Greek Project, the latter reconstructed by us, as the primary source, should provide significant assistance to researchers, interested in the aforementioned processes, to make an objective assessment of events. IntroductionThe project of neutralizing the Ottoman Empire and redistributing its territories was especially active in Europe from the 60-90-ies of the XVIII century. The Ottoman Empire posed a special threat to Western Europe since the 80-ies of the XV century. The Ottomans, who were twice on the outskirts of Vienna in 1529 and 1683, made Europe and the great powers to neutralize the threat of the Ottomans on a regular basis. Several anti-Ottoman projects have been created since then, though unsuccessful. The Greek Project acquired a qualitatively new shapethe creation of buffer states was a different model for solving the issue.In 1779, recognition of Russia's arbitrator status under the Treaty of Teschen was followed by another attempt to neutralize the Ottomans. The solution to this problem was the agreement of 1782 between the emperors of Russia and Austria.This article is part of a monographic study of the Russian-Austrian plan for the rededication of Europe, known in history as the "Greek project". We carry out fundamental research in regard of the Greek Project, due to the special nationalpolitical importance of the issue. We have published the results of monographic research in scientific conferences and publications in different cities of the world. In
Testament of Peter I became an outstanding bestseller among the world political documents since it was published in the 10-ies of the XIX century. It reflected the fundamental trends and directions of the Russian imperial policy thoroughly. Therefore, it was used as an instrument of the ideological fight against the Russian Empire and then against its successorthe Soviet Union by the western countries. In addition to ideological disputes, the forged testament of Peter I attracted attention from a scientific point of view. The question was to identify the party interested in creating such a forged document, as well as the date and purpose of creation. A completely different version unlike the previous ones has been established by the current research. In particular, the initiator of the falsification of Peter I's testament was the King of Prussia Frederick II.The aforementioned initiative arose during the Seven Years' War in the 60-ies of XVIII century, after the development of the rudimentary version of the Greek Project by Prussia and Russia, when Frederick II had to hide his authorship of the Greek Project for his own security and the security of the country as well.330 Education and science of today: intersectoral issues and development of sciences . cities of the world. In particular, in Oxford [62],
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