Background:Indoor residual spray (IRS), with appropriate insecticide, is an effective weapon for the control of malaria. Two rounds of indoor residual spray, with synthetic pyrethroid, are given in highly malaria endemic areas. It aims to prevent transmission of malaria by adult vector mosquitoes.Aims:To assess the impact of indoor residual spray in the highly malaria-endemic villages of Kalol taluka in Gandhinagar district.Design:High risk population for malaria, based on last three-year malaria situation.Setting:Malaria endemic rural areas in Gandhinagar district where indoor residual spray was undertaken with synthetic pyrethroid in 2006 and 2007.Study Variables:Exploratory - Rural areas; Outcome - coverage, acceptance.Analysis:Percentage and proportions.Results:Prior to the introduction of synthetic pyrethroid, in 2005, the annual parasitic incidence of the sprayed villages was 33.4. It came down to 8.8 in 2006. Continuation of this strategy in the same villages further brought down the annual parasitic incidence to 1.5 in 2007. A similar trend of steady decline was observed in actual numbers of cases and other malariometric indices as well.Conclusion:IRS, it still has a major role in the control of malaria if implemented with proper supervision, better coverage and community participation.
Background: Government of India has lunched the frame work for eliminating malaria from the country by 2030 [1] [2]. But progressive States like Gujarat has to achieve the target by 2024. The first step in this direction is to bring down the Annual Parasitic Incidence less than 1.0. Under National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) various activities for Vector control coupled with complete treatment to confirm malaria cases within 24 hours were given more focus and implemented diligently and effectively. Aim: To evaluate the progress of the efforts being undertaken for malaria elimination in Gandhinagar district. Design: Impact of malaria control efforts in Gandhinagar district covering all areas were studied in detail. Setting: Malaria prone villages of Gandhinagar district where preventive actions were undertaken in an integrated manner during the period of 2005 to 2015. Exploratory: Data pertaining to rural and urban areas of the district covering all PHCs, UHCs and Towns were analyzed and interpreted. Outcome: Reduction in malaria incidence and scaling up of non chemical methods for control of malaria. Analysis: Percentage and proportions. Results: Area specific approach adopted in rural areas of Gandhinagar district by putting more emphasis on good surveillance, ensuring complete treatment to malaria cases within 24 hours and effective strategy for vector control mainly non chemical methods resulted in reducing Annual Parasitic Incidence (API) from 1.96 in 2005 to 0.17 in 2015 in Gandhinagar district. 226 villages (74.83%) out of 302 in the district are malaria free and only 9 villages are having API > 1.0. The district aims to achieve malaria elimination in the next five years. Conclusion: Gandhinagar district has made rapid stride towards malaria elimination in a
Early diagnosis and complete treatment are the most important components of the malaria control program, which have a direct bearing on prevention of mortality and reduction in the morbidity, therefore, follow-up of the patient treatment is an important aspect of monitoring disease in the community. Aims: To assess treatment compliance among confirmed malaria cases in Gandhinagar District and to determine the proportion of cure rate with complete treatment as per the national drug policy. Study Variables: Exploratory-rural and urban areas; outcomecompliance, cure rate. Analysis: Percentage, proportions. Results: Compliance among 192 subjects under the study conducted in 2008 i.e. confirmed that malaria cases were 88% even after the introduction of 14 day therapy for "Plasmodium vivax" cases, while 100% cure rate was observed on the follow-up till the 28th day among "P. vivax" and "P. falciparum" cases which helped in reducing malaria incidence in the rural area by 50% as compared to the preceding year of the study. Conclusion: Follow-up of the treatment given to malaria patients has enhanced compliance and cure rate, which in turn contributed towards interruption of transmission. Therefore, a better cure rate through the administration of effective antimalarial drugs as per the drug policy in combination with other containment measures is the right strategy to keep morbidity and mortality due to malaria under effective control.
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