Background: The cement industry is one of the main contributors of pollutant gasses in the environment through stack emissions.Aim: This study aims to model the dispersion of SO2 and NO2 gasses and to determine the area of the dispersion by American Meteorological Society – Environmental Protection Agency Regulation Model or AERMOD has been utilized by PT. Semen Tonasa (Tonasa Cement, Ltd.).Methods: Meteorological data from AERMENT was collected from reanalysis of MM5 data. While topographical data was extracted from SRTM30 satellite data. The model was carried out for a year, to cover both the dry and rainy season.Results: The result of the modeling showed that the peak value of the concentration of SO2 and NO2 pollutants for one hour are 135 μg/m3 and 160 μg/m3 respectively (quality standards of SO2 and NO2 are 900 μg/Nm3 and 400 μg/Nm3). The area of dispersion tends to be in the eastern area, such as District Minasatene (Sub-district Bontoa, Kalabbirang, Minasatene dan Biraeng), District Bungoro (Sub-district Biringere, Sapanang, Mangilu, Bulu Tellue) and District Labakkang (Sub-district Taraweang). Key words: Spatial analysis, AERMOD, AERMOD, cement factory, exposed area, SO2 and NO2
The research on transport of Cr3+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Ag+ through bulk liquid membrane using p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetracarboxylic acid as ions carrier has been conducted. The aims of this research were to determine optimum condition, efficiency, and selectivity of transport of the ions carriers to those ions. Both optimum condition and efficiency of transport were obtained by determination of transported ions concentration with pH variation of source phase, ionic carrier concentration, nature of stripping agent in target phase, and transport time. The transport selectivity of ions carrier was obtained from experiments of equimolar mixture ions transport competition. Amount of Cr3+, Pb2+, Cd2+, and Ag+ transported across liquid membrane were about 6, 80, 84 and 87 % respectively after being transported for 48 h. The ion carrier was selective for both Pb2+ ion (separation factors are 9.6 for Ag+ ion, 1.9 for Cd2+ ion and infinite for Cr3+ ion) and Ag+ ion (separation factors are 1.8 for Cd2+ and infinite for both Pb2+ and Cr3+ ions). This system represents a proton-coupled transport with flow of protons in the opposite direction. Keywords: transport, p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-tetracarboxylic acid, efficiency, selectivity, bulk liquid membrane, heavy metals,
Chicken feather is a waste that can be used as an alternative to adsorbents that can be used to overcome environmental pollution in waters containing heavy metal pollutants, especially on metal Zn (II) ions, Biomass Chicken Feathers using NaOH and Na2SO3 as adsorbent activation and proven using FTIR spectrophotometer . The metal adsorbent of Zn (II) ion by chicken feather biomass has been influenced to the variation of pH of the solution, mass of adsorbent, contact time, and concentration of chicken feather biomass. The method used is the method of "batch" and the metal concentration of Zn (II) ions measured by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Optimal variations that have been achieved under conditions of pH 6, adsorbent mass 0.7 gram, contact time for 80 minutes, and optimal concentration at 100 ppm with absorption of Zn (II) metal on chicken feather biomass of 6.04 mg/g. The metal adsorbent Zn (II) using chicken feather biomass is more in line with the Langmuir isothermal model with an adsorption capacity (Qo) value of 6.45 mg/g.
This study analyzed the composition of monomer lignin phenols and its derivatives at the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi-Indonesia. Water samples were collected in the dry season (June 2017) and the rainy season (January 2018) from the river estuaries of Tallo-Makassar, and Pangkep. Analysis of carbon and nitrogen contents was conducted by EA-IRMS (elemental analyzer-isotope ratio mass spectrometry), while lignin phenol was analyzed by Chromatography Gas-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Spatially, the six lignin phenols () content in the Tallo river estuary into several outermost islands is higher than of the Pangkep river mouth. values in the rainy season were higher (0.92-2.30) than in the dry season (0.62-2.07). In the dry season, the range of values for ratios of syringyl/vanillyl and cinnamyl/vanillyl was 0.35 to 1.12 and 0.39 to 0.57 indicating a low contribution of angiosperm plant tissue. In the rainy season, the values of ratios for syringyl/vanillyl and cinnamyl/vanillyl ranged from 0.37 to 1.18 and 0.32 to 0.62. The syringyl/vanillyl ratio indicates the contribution of plant tissue to angiosperms. The cinnamyl/vanillyl value is greater than 0.1, indicating a significant contribution of non-woody plant tissue. Spatially, the range of syringyl/vanillyl and cinnamyl/vanillyl ratios at the estuary of the Tallo river (0.37 to 1.12 and 0.32 to 0.57) were higher than at the Pangkep river estuary (0.35 to 1.18 and 0.39 to 0.62).
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