Abstract:The restorer lines are used to get fertile hybrids in hybrid seed production system of sunflower. Improvement of R-lines for fertility and oil content of sunflower is required to get desirable hybrids upon crossing. In the present study, 6 restorer lines were crossed in full diallele and both direct and reciprocal crosses along with parents were evaluated for their combining ability. The analysis of variance revealed higher magnitude of SCA variance than GCA variance for all the characters studied except for days to 50 per cent flowering. Among six parents, GMU-520 and R-GM-41 were best general combiner for plant height, head diameter, test weight and leaf size in the desired direction. However, GMU-520 has advantage of yield per plant and oil content. From 15 direct crosses R-GM-41 x R -GM-49 exhibited significant specific combining ability for viz., days to 50 per cent flowering (-1.08), plant height (13.69), head diameter (4.79), leaf size (0.74), yield per plant (17.14), volume weight (2.54), test weight (1.75) and oil content (0.34) followed by RCR-630 x GMU-520, R-GM-41 x EC-602060, R-GM-49 x GMU-520 and EC-602060 x GMU-520 each exhibiting good specific combining ability for majority of characters. Among reciprocal crosses R-GM -41 x RCR-8 exhibited a high reciprocal effects for head diameter (4.57), yield per plant (15.16), test weight (2.02) and leaf size (0.75).
and Java (Singh, 1991). Mungbean is grown principally for its protein rich edible seeds which are used for consumption by cooking, fermenting, milling or sprouting. Seeds are also used for making soups, curries, bread, sweets, noodles, salads, papad etc. (Singh et al., 1988). It is one of the major sources of
Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) causes yellow mosaic disease in pulses.Which is most serious disease in greengram, blackgram and many pulses growing areas of North Eastern Karnataka region. The reasons for its higher incidence can be known by studying its epidemiological factors. Hence, the study was carried on epidemiology of MYMV. Epidemiological investigations involve study of weather factors, pathogen, its vectors if any, and host factors. In the present study, epidemiology of MYMV vector whitefly was investigated with weather factors like minimum temperature ( 0 c), maximum temperature ( 0 c), rainfall (mm), minimum relative humidity (%), maximum relative humidity (%) wind speed (Km/h) and sunshine (hours) recorded daily at MARS, Raichur. In the present study, whitefly population was greatly influenced by environmental factors which prevailed during entire observation period of one year stating from 22 nd SMW of 2016 to 21 st SMW of 2017. The least whitefly population was observed during 40 th SMW (16/trap) and 39 th SMW (20/trap) when the weekly mean maximum temperature was 28.9 0 C and 30.4 0 C, minimum temperature was 22.8 0 C to 22.2 0 C and total weekly rainfall was 60.8 mm for 4 days respectively. The highest number of whiteflies was noticed during 50 th SMW (1456/trap) when maximum temperature was 29.7 0 C, minimum temperature was 16.7 0 C and rainfall of 8.2 mm. This indicates that decrease in whitefly population was mainly due to higher rainfall and lower minimum temperature, whereas, increase in whitefly population was due to higher maximum temperature and no rainfall. Correlation and regression analysis was done to know the relationship of weather parameters with whitefly population. Results revealed that, there was a negatively significant correlation between whitefly population and minimum temperature (r= -0.354) and positive significant correlation with maximum temperature (r= 0.250) was recorded. Correlation of whitefly with rainfall was negatively significant (r= -0.456) while other factors like relative humidity (minimum and maximum), sunshine hours and maximum wind speed showed nonsignificant correlation with whitefly population. Sunshine hours recorded shown positive relation with whitefly population (r= 0.631). Regression analysis showed that, all these weather factors were found to contribute up to 69.6 percent towards the whitefly population and obtained multiple regression equation.
:Mungbean a protein rich legume has high demand but, supply is hindered due to poor production and productivity due to mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease. The North Eastern Karnataka being the pulse bowl of the state annually suffers from MYMV incidence. In order to control this whitefly transmitted virus, knowledge and information about its distribution across the region is essential to formulate the strategies of management. In the present study a roving survey was undertaken to know the incidence and present status of MYMV in mungbean among the six districts of North Eastern Karnataka (NEK) region viz., Bellary, Bidar, Koppal, Kalaburgi, Raichur and Yadgir during Kharif 2016, when the crop was at 30 to 45 days old. The GPS position and MYMV incidence in each location were recorded and used to develop GIS map to know the spatial distribution of MYMV in different talukas of six districts. The results showed varied incidence of MYMV across many locations. Highest disease incidence was recorded at Koppal district with 33.33 per cent followed by Bellary (21.45 %), Raichur (19.70 %), Kalaburgi (17.44 %) and Yadgir (15.76 %) districts. The least disease incidence was noticed at Bidar district (5.66%). Higher MYMV incidence in Koppal was mainly due to favourable weather for multiplication and survival of whitefly population which spreads the virus. The virus inoculum in summer crop and weed hosts were found acting as source of inoculum. Findings of the study revealed that higher incidence in Koppal would provide suitable disease pressure for screening of genotypes developed against the MYMV infection and also develop management strategies in each district based on the disease incidences recorded.
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