Extensive research has gone into proposing a promising link between melatonin administration and attenuation of epileptic activity, the majority of which suggest its propensity as an antiseizure with antioxidant and neuroprotective properties. In the past few years, a number of studies highlighting the association of the melatonergic ligands with epilepsy have also emerged. In this context, our review is based on discussing the recent studies and various mechanisms of action that the said category of drugs exhibit in the context of being therapeutically viable antiseizure drugs. Our search revealed several articles on the four major drugs i.e. melatonin, agomelatine, ramelteon and piromelatine along with other melatonergic agonists like tasimelteon and TIK-301. Our review is suggestive of antiseizure effects of both melatonin and its analogues; however, extensive research work is still required to study their implications in the treatment of persons with epilepsy. Further evaluation of melatonergic signaling pathways and mechanisms may prove to be helpful in the near future and might prove to be a significant advance in the field of epileptology.
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Decades of research have stunned us with the very distinctive anatomy and physiology of our brain and on the
other hand, its complexity has always posed a great difficulty in treating its dysfunction or damage. Understanding the brain
under normal and, particularly in the diseased state, has always been very challenging and would have been impossible
without proteomics. Neuroproteomic techniques have been extensively used for unraveling both dynamics and content of
the proteome of our nervous system. This modern-day investigation and quantification of protein concentration and expression has given us a platform which enhances our knowledge on disease-associated processes and pathways modification and
also leads to the identification of possible biomarkers that can be therapeutically targeted. With increased interest in identifying and targeting possible biomarkers, this article focuses on describing applications of the much discussed neuroproteomics, with a significant role in the disease pathogenesis of some very common neurological disorders. This article will collectively discuss the use and relevance of neuroproteomics in a range of neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,
Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, and psychiatric disorders. We have also attempted to present the current
successes and failures of the neuroproteomics approach on the results obtained from different clinical studies that targeted
biomarkers associated with any particular neurological disorder.
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For decades now, neurodegenerative disorders have been explored, but their prompt detection is still very strenuous due to the complexity of the brain. This entails the demand for identification and development of clinical biomarkers in order to comply with the criteria of precision,
specificity and repeatability. The use of rapidly evolving technologies such as mass spectrometry
(MS) in proteomics has opened new ways to speed up the discovery of biomarkers, both for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. The wide range of possibilities for the detection of differentially expressed proteins in specific diseases has been opened by several novel proteomic techniques such
as cross-linking mass spectrometry, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, protein foot
printing and more. Still, much research is required to give a deep insight into the complex system
of the brain and its related disorders for unraveling prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers, which
can be used to either enhance a certain function of our brain or to cure a particular disease/disorder.
This review summarizes the latest developments in neuroproteomics and analyzes existing and potential directions for the discovery of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases.
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