This study aims to determine an interactive environmental model for economic growth that would be supported by the "sustainability principles" across the globe. The study examines the relationship between environmental pollutants (i.e., carbon dioxide emission, sulfur dioxide emission, mono-nitrogen oxide, and nitrous oxide emission); population growth; energy use; trade openness; per capita food production; and it's resulting impact on the real per capita GDP and sectoral growth (i.e., share of agriculture, industry, and services in GDP) in a panel of 34 high-income OECD, high-income non-OECD, and Europe and Central Asian countries, for the period of 1995-2014. The results of the panel fixed effect regression show that per capita GDP are influenced by sulfur dioxide emission, population growth, and per capita food production variability, while energy and trade openness significantly increases per capita income of the region. The results of the panel Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) show that carbon dioxide emission significantly decreases the share of agriculture and industry in GDP, while it further supports the share of services sector to GDP. Both the sulfur dioxide and mono-nitrogen oxide emission decreases the share of services in GDP; nitrous oxide decreases the share of industry in GDP; while mono-nitrogen oxide supports the industrial activities. The following key growth-specific results has been obtained from the panel SUR estimation, i.e., (i) Both the food production per capita and trade openness significantly associated with the increasing share of agriculture, (ii) food production and energy use significantly increases the service sectors' productivity; (iii) food production decreases the industrial activities; (iv) trade openness decreases the share of services to GDP while it supports the industrial share to GDP; and finally, (v) energy demand decreases along with the increase agricultural share in the region. The results emphasize the need for an interactive environmental model that facilitates the process of sustainable development across the globe.
The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of Knowledge, Skills, Attitude and Organization Commitment Using Ethical Climate as a moderator towards Ethical Decision Making of Accountants in Malaysia. Empirical research on ethical decision making of Accountants has shown that knowledge, skills and attitude are important factors in improving Accountants decision. However, literature on Accountants Ethical Decision Making in Malaysia has highlighted research gaps in few areas which is the use of Individual and Situational Moderators in measuring the Theorist of Ethical Behavior, The use of Personal Values to Measure Ethical Judgment, The effect of Organization Culture and Ethical Climate on Ethical Decision Making using Self-Efficacy as the Moderator. To fill this sequel of research gaps, this research tends to identify the effects of knowledge, skills and attitude and Organization Commitment using Ethical Climate as a Moderator to measure ethical decision making of Accountants. In doing so, this research use Theory of Planned Behavior. This study focus on the Big Four Accounting Firms in Malaysia. This is because the audit of the Transmille Company by Deloitte auditors has not lived up to the expectations of public. The positivistic research philosophy will be used to empirically test the formulated hypotheses. The study will use quantitative analysis approach and survey strategy to collect data by adapting established measurement tools for each construct in the conceptual model. Questionnaires results will be analyzed using SPSS software.
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