Epididymal glycosidases play a role in sperm maturation by modifying sperm surface glycoproteins. To study the effects of ethanol on epididymal sperm maturation, ethanol (3 g/kg body weight as 25%, v/v) was administered to a group of rats by gastric-intubation twice daily for 30 days. In another group, rats were also treated with alcohol for 30 days but were then withdrawn from treatment for 30 days to assess the reversibility of ethanol-induced effects. Ethanol-induced changes in epididymal tissue and sperm glycosidases, cauda epididymal sperm motility and the fertility of rats were assessed. Ethanol treatment caused a marked decrease in the specific activities of glycosidases in both tissues and spermatozoa from epididymal segments. Cauda epididymal sperm motility and the fertility of ethanol-treated rats were significantly impaired compared to control rats fed an isocaloric diet. These changes are likely to be the consequence of direct and indirect effects of ethanol mediated through subnormal testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Most of these changes were found to be reversible. The present study suggests that impaired activity of sperm glycosidases may be one of the factors responsible for defective sperm motility and fertilizing potential in ethanol-treated rats.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal dental cream in comparison to fluoride dental cream. Objectives: Clinical evaluation of a novel herbal dental cream in plaque formation: a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Methods: One hundred and two patients with established dental plaque were randomly assigned to either herbal dental group or fluoride dental group for six weeks in a double-blind design. Improvement in plaque index, oral hygiene status, bleeding index, and gingival index was evaluated in these patients along with microbiological study. Results: Results indicated a significant reduction in plaque index, gingival index, oral hygiene index, and microbial growth in both groups. Difference between the groups was not significant. There was no significant change in bleeding index. No adverse events were reported and both the dental creams were well tolerated. Conclusion: The finding of this preliminary study indicates that herbal dental cream is as safe and effective as fluoride dental cream, but not superior to it.
Manusia sering melakukan segala sesuatu yang menurutnya sangat berharga. Yang berharga itu lalu dibanggakan oleh manusia sehingga sering menganggap orang lain selalu berada di bawahnya. Setiap apa yang dimiliki oleh manusia baik itu pekerjaan, materi, pengetahuan, di anggap lebih penting dari sesama disebut oleh Pengkhotbah sebagai kesia-siaan. Tetapi kitab Pengkhotbah akan mengungkapkan tentang apa yang manusia anggap berharga ternyata hanya sebuah kesia-siaan.
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