Sexual health among transgender people in Sweden.

Objectives: We aimed to develop and pilot-implement an evidence-informed toolkit (SEXual health Identification Tool; SEXIT) for identifying young people exposed to or at risk of sexual ill health, at Swedish youth clinics, and to investigate SEXIT's potential to identify young people in need of special care and monitoring. Methods: The SEXIT toolkit was developed, validated and pilot-implemented at three Swedish youth clinics. Pre-implementation staff readiness was assessed and youth clinic visitors' responses to SEXIT were analysed. Results: All staff perceived a need for screening for sexual risk-taking and exposure. The response rate from 268 youth clinic visitors (aged 15-24 years) was 86%. Half of the visitors had one or no variable associated with sexual ill health, a third had two or three, and 15% reported between four and seven variables. The most common variables were alcohol use, three or more sexual partners in the past year and previous chlamydia. Visitors rated SEXIT as important and not uncomfortable or difficult to answer. Conclusions: The SEXIT toolkit was found to be feasible and highly acceptable in a clinical setting. The use of SEXIT may facilitate important questions on sexual risk-taking and sexual ill health to be raised with youth clinic visitors.

Rationale Patients in secure forensic psychiatric care have reduced autonomy because of the constraints imposed on them by compulsion laws. Thus, it is vital that nurses enable patient participation whenever possible. Patient participation, and it′s clinical use in forensic psychiatric care, is an understudied field. Aim To describe nurses’ experiences of their work with patient participation in forensic psychiatric care. Methods Managers at different secure forensic psychiatric institutions in the south of Sweden approved the study, and oral consent was retrieved from informants. Interviews guided by a semi‐structured interview guide were conducted with nine nurses from five different forensic psychiatric institutions and analysed with content analysis. Findings Nurses describe diverse understandings and abilities in an inflexible setting. This indicates that what participation is, and how to achieve it, is not the same for nurses as for patients. Moreover, patients have different abilities to participate, and the secure setting in itself is perceived as hindering participatory work. Still, participation is described as a crucial part of work that requires a caring relationship. Furthermore, nurses pronounce potentially excluding attitudes and strategies that may obstruct patient participation for all, and at the same time, they have a belief that improvement is possible. Conclusion Compulsory forensic psychiatric care is a complex care context that requires constant efforts from nurses to balance patients’ rights and needs with mandatory care. The very nature of this caring context appears to be a major obstacle when promoting patient participation. Nevertheless, nurses express that they do aim for patient participation, ‘they try’. From a patient's perspective, trying is not sufficient and a need for improvement is evident. The results can be of clinical interest in similar secure forensic psychiatric nursing settings, and a point of departure in future development of care striving for increased patient participation for all.

Knowledge of sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) by health care, police, legal and social work professionals has been shown to be insufficient. This lack of competence is likely to affect the quality of services. The aim of this study was to describe SRHR indicators in educational programmes in health care, police, legal and social work higher education in Sweden. A text-based analysis was conducted of written material from all educational programmes in law, midwifery, nursing, occupational therapy, physiotherapy, police work, psychology, social work and undergraduate medicine (93 educational programmes at 27 universities and university colleges). Representation of different SRHR indicators varied, but most were poorly covered in the educational programmes. Existing educational programmes lack comprehensiveness in their coverage of SRHR and are unequal both within and between the professions and universities. This situation creates the risk of inequalities in SRHR competence and suggests that needs within this field may be unmet. There is an urgent need therefore to enhance the presence of SRHR in health care, social work and law enforcement education in Sweden. ARTICLE HISTORY

Although detained youth display several risky sexual behaviors, no specific risk factors are found in a logistic regression analysis. However, this is a vulnerable group. The mere fact that an adolescent is placed at a detention centre should be an imperative for professionals to address the subject of sexual health and safer sex. Furthermore, the results will be used in a forthcoming sex education curriculum tailored especially at detained youth. This is one, but by far not the only way to minimize the health inequalities that are presented in this study.

View related articles View Crossmark dataSexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) among young people in secure state care and their non-incarcerated peersa qualitative, descriptive and comparative study Sexuell och reproduktiv hälsa och rättigheter (SRHR) hos unga i statlig tvångsvård och unga i ett nationellt urvalen kvalitativ, deskriptivt och jämförande studie

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Among our interviewees, sexual chance taking appears rewarding. Recognising this rationality is valuable for all professionals promoting sexual health within similar groups of youths.