Présenté par Ghislain de Marsily
RésuméLe bassin du Rharb est l'un des plus grands bassins hydrogéologiques du Maroc. Situé au nord-ouest, il s'étend sur une superficie de 4000 km 2 . La nature du remplissage sédimentaire plio-quaternaire, son contexte structural et paléoenvironnemental sont à l'origine d'une variabilité et d'une discontinuité dans la distribution des faci ès sédimentaires, ce qui se traduit par une complexité de la géométrie des couches potentiellement aquifères. Cette étude a permis de dresser une image des réservoirs hydrogéologiques potentiels et la mise en évidence de nouvelles structures tectoniques, qui expliquent partiellement cette architecture.
Saltwater intrusion caused by groundwater over-exploitation from coastal aquifers poses a severe problem in many regions. The Fum Al Wad aquifer is located between Atlantic Ocean in the West and Laayoun in the East. This aquifer covers an area of 250 Km 2 , and represents an essential water resource for Laayoun city and the periphery regions. It is heavily exploited for water supply, agriculture and industry. The freshwater-saltwater interface is affected by groundwater extraction by public supplies, irrigation wells, and domestic wells in the coastal of this aquifer. The position of the interface is controlled by several factors: these include precipitation, recharge rate, dryness, evapotranspiration, hydraulic conductivity and hydraulic head. Landward migration of the interface freshwater-saltwater often results in a significant decrease in the water resources available for coastal communities. The volume pumped by public for irrigation and the domestic usage in 2010-2011 is estimated 2.5 Mm
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