A field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two planting dates ; early (25 th Oct.) and late (15 th Dec.) in addition to the control planted at 20 th Nov. on phenology, growth, yield (yield components and yield quality) of four bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars ; Sakha 93, Sakha 94 ,Gemmeiza 9 and Giza 168 at Sakha Agricultural Research Station. In general, the obtained data showed that, the requirement of days and Growing degree days (GDD) to attain different phenological stages (seedling, booting, heading, anthesis and maturity) decreased with delay in sowing date. Also, planting on the control date (20 th Nov.) surpassed the other sowing dates in all yield studied parameters and flour quality. However , late sowing date (15 th Dec.) caused an increase in most technological properties (protein , wet and dry gluten) of the yielded grains .
The study carried out aimed at characterizing the pear cultivars and to explore the specific cultivar most suitable to be commercially grown in Soon valley region. Nine pear varieties (Leconte, Bagugosha, Bartlet pear, Concord, Pear selection-1, Pear Red, Pear White, Kashmiri Nashpati and Kashmiri Nakh) were tested for their physiochemical quality attributes. The observations made during the study revealed that variety Bagugosha scored maximum (7.95, 8.10) in taste and flavor respectively. The same variety produced maximum fruit size (5081 mm 2 ), fruit weight (205 g), soluble solid contents (15%) and total sugars (9.56%). However, fruit yield per plant was maximum (98.80 kg) in Bartlet pear variety and Bagugosha produced fruitweight of 60.20 kg. Titratable acidity was determined maximum (0.44%) in Kashmiri Nakh. Number of seeds were maximum (8.20) in Bartlet Pear as well as in Bgugosha. The exploration of this research study revealed that the Bagugosha is the prime quality cultivar to be suggested for commercial cultivation in Soon valley compared to all nine evaluated varieties.
The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2017-2019 to evaluate the effect of different growth regulators on root induction of Date palm suckers. There were six treatments i.e., T0 (Control), T1 (Indol butyric Acid (IBA) @2000 ppm), T2 (IBA@4000 ppm), T3 (Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) @2000 ppm), T4 (NAA@3000), T5 (IBA@2000 ppm + NAA@2000 ppm). Growth regulators significantly affected the survival percentage, number of leaves, leaf length and number of roots plant-1. Results showed that IBA@4000 ppm gave maximum success percentage (76.3%), highest survival percentage after 90 days (43.8%), maximum number of leaves (4.5), highest leaf length (20.6cm) and highest number of roots plant-1 (24.8). In view of these results, it is concluded that IBA can be used @ 4000 ppm for better root induction of Date palm suckers.
Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera)is commercially propagated through offshoots. Alongwith thisrooted offshootthe tree also produces aerial offshoots,which arerootlessand die after plantation. In this study attempts have been made to evaluate the effect of auxins on the root initiation of the aerial offshootsof date palm cv. Hillawi.Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate theeffect of IAA (500 ppm), NAA(500 ppm), alone and in combination on root initiation in aerial offshoots of date palm cv. Hillawi. The auxins were applied to the aerial shoots by injection method. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments(Control, 500pmm IAA, 500ppm NAA and 500ppm IAA+NAA) andeach treatment was replicatedthrice.Injection method was used to apply the hormones and after the applicationof auxinsthe base of each offshoot was wrapped carefully with gunny bags having pinewood shaving as rooting media.After 40 days of supplication,offshootswere detached,and parameters were collected. Dataindicated that NAA @ 500ppm gave highest rooting percentage (24.5%), total number of roots per offshoot (82.33) and total weight of roots per offshoots (607.4g) as compared to other treatments. Similarly, a greaternumber of smaller roots (dia<0.5cm) was also achieved in offshoots treated with 500ppm NAA. Hence, it may be concluded that root initiation was remarkablein NAA alone and in combination with IAA at 500ppm concentration in comparison to other treatments.
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