Hussain et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0., which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Ganglioneuroblastoma, neuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma (GN) are the tumors that arise from the neural crest cells. Of these, GN has the most benign origin without metastatic potential. The most common sites of their origin are the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum. Although the imaging studies, including CT, are available to detect these tumors, the definitive diagnosis can only be made by histological examination. We present a case of a 40-year-old woman with a retroperitoneal GN causing longstanding, gradually increasing, uncontrolled abdominal pain due to its pressure effect on the pancreas, duodenum, and right kidney with the displacement of the inferior vena cava. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, and the mass was removed. Histopathology confirmed the benign nature of the mass (a GN). These tumors are rarely malignant and mostly asymptomatic. However, in our case, abdominal pain was affecting the patient's life. After a discussion with the patient, an elective surgical procedure was performed, and the patient was symptom-free postoperatively and able to resume her regular routine.
Introduction
Double J stents (DJS) are commonly used in urological practice, but they do have a risk of complications, such as infection and hematuria. This study explored the association between ureteral double J stent colonization and lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) severity.
Methodology
This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2021 to June 2021 in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan, who required double J stent (DJS) insertion. Patients who came to the site for stent removal were invited to participate in the study and enrolled using a consecutive sampling technique between January 15, 2021, and March 15, 2021.
Results
The study enrolled 176 patients, of whom 73.33% had colonization and the remaining had no colonization. The factors significantly associated with symptom severity included colonization of the DJS (P-value = 0.001) and the patients’ ages (P-value = 0.046). The two groups have significantly different symptoms, which included incontinence (P-value = 0.001), polyuria (P-value = 0.001), and nocturia (P-value = 0.001).
Conclusion
Our study found more severe symptoms in DJS patients with colonization than in those without colonization. Irritative voiding symptoms, including nocturia and dysuria, are more common in DJS patients with colonization.
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