Background: In low-risk women, it is being debated whether to induce labor at 41 weeks + 0 days or to allow the pregnancy to continue until 42 weeks + 0 days. Post-term pregnancy is linked to poor perinatal and maternal outcomes. However, little is known about the outcomes of late-term pregnancy. In this study, we aim to assess the incidence and adverse prenatal outcomes associated with late-term pregnancy.Methods: We retrospectively assessed all the singleton pregnant mothers who gave birth at Khaleej-e-Fars Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran, between January 2020-2022. All preterm and post-term deliveries were excluded. Mothers were divided into two groups: 1) late-term mothers and 2) term mothers. Term pregnancy was defined as 37 0/7 weeks to 40 6/7 weeks of gestation, and late-term pregnancy was defined as 41 0/7 weeks to 41 6/7 weeks of gestation. Demographic factors, obstetrical factors, maternal comorbidities, and prenatal outcomes were extracted from the electronic data of each mother. The incidence of late-term births was calculated. The Chi-square test was used to compare differences between the groups. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of prenatal outcome with late-term pregnancy.Results: There were 8888 singleton deliveries during the study period. 1269 preterm and post-term pregnancies were ruled out. 309 (4.1%) of the 7619 deliveries were late-term, while 7310 (95.9%) were term. There were no sociodemographic differences between term and late-term mothers. The late-term group had a higher prevalence of primiparous mothers, and the term group had a higher prevalence of diabetes. Late-term mothers had a higher rate of macrosomia, meconium amniotic fluid, fetal distress, and a lower rate of LBW. After adjusting for confounders, late-term mothers had a higher risk of macrosomia aOR 2.24 (CI: 1.34-3.01), meconium amniotic fluid aOR 2.32 (CI: 1.59-3.14), and fetal distress aOR 2.38 (CI: 1.54-2.79). When compared to term pregnancy, the risk of LBW was lower in late-term pregnancy aOR 0.69 (CI: 0.36-0.81). Conclusions: Late-term pregnancy was found to be more likely to be associated with macrosomia, meconium amniotic fluid, and fetal distress, but serious maternal and neonatal adverse events were comparable to term pregnancy.
ObjectiveTo assess the obstetric and neonatal outcomes associated with adolescent pregnancy in Iran.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed women who gave birth between January 1st, 2020, and January 1st, 2022. These pregnant women were separated into two groups: (1) women aged 19 and younger; (2) women aged 20–34 years. Main outcome measures include preterm birth, maternal comorbidities, preeclampsia, eclampsia, low birth weight (LBW), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), placenta abnormalities, placenta abruption, chorioamnionitis, meconium fluid, fetal distress, methods of delivery, rate of cesarean section (CS), perineal lacerations, postpartum hemorrhage, childbirth trauma, shoulder dystocia, congenital malformation, and unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcome. Logistic regression models were used to determine the influence of teenage pregnancy on adverse pregnancy and childbirth outcomes.ResultsOf 7033 deliveries, 92.4% of women were adults, and 7.6% were adolescents. Adolescents residing in rural districts were more common than adults (42.3% vs. 33.7%). However, access to prenatal facility care was the same as the majority of women had 6-10 prenatal care visits during their pregnancy. There was no difference in the risk of preeclampsia, placenta abruption, placenta previa, fetal distress, preterm labor, shoulder dystocia, perineal lacerations, childbirth trauma, congenital malformation, postpartum hemorrhage, intensive care unit admission, maternal death, and unfavorable neonatal outcome including stillbirth, neonatal intensive care unit admission, neonatal death in adolescent pregnancies compared to adults. Adolescents had a significantly higher risk of LBW (OR: 1.47, 95%CI: 1.01–2.73), IUGR (OR: 1.96, 95%CI: 1.31–2.45), and meconium fluid (OR: 1.74, 95%CI: 1.41–2.32), however, there was no statistically significant difference after adjusting the confounding factors. Compared with adults, adolescents had a significantly lower risk of CS (aRR: 0.67, 95%CI: 0.51–0.77) and a lower risk of gestational diabetes (aRR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.51–0.95).ConclusionsAlthough we found no serious consequences of adolescent pregnancy, more research is needed to reach a more accurate conclusion about teenage pregnancy.
Background: Numerous studies in various parts of the world have revealed the factors contributing to low birth weight (LBW), classified as maternal, paternal, and obstetrical factors. However, the risk factors for LBW varied greatly across geographical settings. Thus, the main aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of LBW among term newborns in Bandar Abbas, Iran.Methods: We retrospectively assessed singleton term pregnant mothers who gave birth at Khaleej-e-Fars Hospital (a tertiary hospital) in Bandar Abbas, Iran, between January 1st, 2020, and January 1st, 2022. Demographic factors (age, educational level, residency place, medical insurance, access to prenatal care facilities, smoking status), obstetrical factors (gestational age, parity, newborn sex, oligohydramnios, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), abnormal placentation, placenta abruption) and maternal comorbidities (overt diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, cardiovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction, drug addiction, hepatitis, anemia, infertility, and COVID-19 at the time of admission) were extracted from electronic data of each mother. The Chi-square test was used to compare differences between the groups for categorical variables. Logistic regression models were used to assess the LBW risk factors.Results: Of 7440 singleton term deliveries during the study period, 460 (6.2%) were LBW. Maternal age was the only demographic factor that was significantly different between groups. In bivariate analysis, maternal age, parity, newborn sex, and preeclampsia were significantly associated with LBW. Mothers at the age of 13-19 aOR 1.97 (CI 1.26-12.98), primiparous mothers aOR 2.44 (CI 2.01-3.17), mothers with female fetus aOR 3.79 (CI 2.13-3.99), and mothers diagnosed with preeclampsia aOR 1.71 (CI 1.35-2.99) were at higher risk of having LBW in multivariate analysis.Conclusions: LBW has been linked to several factors. Significant predictors of LBW were found to be maternal age, parity, newborn sex, and preeclampsia. Health care providers should focus on identifying factors to address the problem of LBW.
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