Background: The prevalence of cancer and its psychological consequences has increased steadily in recent decades. Hence, parallel to providing medical interventions, psychological therapies should be provided to cancer patients. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the effect of hope therapy-based training on the happiness of women with breast cancer. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 100 female patients with breast cancer admitted to the chemotherapy wards of two hospitals affiliated to the Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) in 2020 are studied. Participants were selected using the convenience sampling technique and randomly divided into two groups of intervention and control (each with 50 subjects). The intervention group received eight sessions of group-based hope therapy training. Data were collected using a demographic information form and the Oxford Happiness questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 by chi-square, independent samples t-test, and paired samples t-test, at a significant level of P < 0.05. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups concerning demographic characteristics. The independent samples t-test showed no significant difference in the mean scores of happiness between the two groups before the intervention (P = 0.55). However, the mean score of happiness for the participants in the intervention group showed a significant increase after providing the intervention compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Besides, the paired samples t-test indicated a significant increase in the mean score of happiness after providing the intervention compared to before intervention (P = 0.001), while the mean score of happiness for the participants in the control group showed a statistically significant decrease (P = 0.004). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that hope therapy-based training is effective for the happiness of women with breast cancer. Since physical and psychological problems caused by cancer lead to sadness and reduced happiness, hope therapy can be added to the care programs for women with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.
Objectives Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to needle needles daily. Despite individual studies, there is no statistics on the prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries (NSIs) have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and causes of unreported NSIs among HCWs. Content In present systematic review and meta-analysis study, three international databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) were searched from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. The random model was used to determine the prevalence of unreported needle stick among HCWs. Summary and outlook Forty-one studies performed on 19,635 health care workers entered the final stage. Based-on random effect model, pooled prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries was 59.9% (95% CI: 52.0, 67.7; I2=98.9%). The most common cause of unreported NSIs was: They were not worried about NSIs (n=12). The high prevalence of unreported needle sticks injuries indicates the urgency and necessity of paying attention to strategies to improve reporting among health workers.
Background: Hemodialysis, as one of the most commonly used chronic renal failure treatments, increases the level of blood toxins, complications of illness, hospitalized days, imposed costs, and mortality if it does not have the required quality. One of the factors that can be effective in increasing dialysis adequacy in case of patient tolerance and lack of complications is an increasing blood flow, the stepwise profile of dialysis fluid flow. The present study intends to compare these methods in terms of efficiency in increasing the dialysis adequacy against their complications. Materials and methods: In this semi-experimental single-group study, before and after-intervention trials, 22 patients with hemodialysis under the coverage of Special Patients Center in Zabol, who had the criteria to be included in the study were selected by random sampling method and underwent dialysis for 4 sessions using routine methods, increasing blood flow, stepwise profile of dialysis fluid flow, while maintaining all parameters (such as the type of fluid, type and concentration of dialysis fluid, shifts, etc.). At the beginning and the end of the each dialysis session in two methods, the BUN sample was taken before and after dialysis to study the adequacy of dialysis. During the 12 sessions of dialysis, patients were examined before dialysis in terms of lack of hypertension and some symptoms including nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps and other symptoms and then they were monitored directly every 30 min for hypertension, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps, headaches, and so on. Results: The mean score of adequacy of dialysis was 0.834 ± 0.22 in the routine session, 1.19 ± 0.45 in the method of increasing blood flow and 1.07 ± 0.35 in the stepwise profile of dialysis fluid flow, and there was a significant difference between the mean score of dialysis adequacy in routine session and each method of increasing blood flow and stepwise profiles of dialysis fluid flow using paired t-test (p=0.001). The results from Cochran statistical test showed that there is a significant difference between the routine methods, an increase in blood flow, stepwise profile of dialysis fluid flow profile in terms of the frequency of muscle cramp during hemodialysis (p<0.05) and this difference was statistically significant between the routine session and an increase in blood flow based on McNemar test (p=0.021). Based on the McNamar statistical test, the difference in headache frequency during hemodialysis was significant between the routine session and the stepwise profile of fluid flow (p=0.039). Conclusion: Although the increase in blood flow and dialysis fluid flow in the stepwise method leads to an increase in the adequacy of dialysis, but they are not safe due to their complications and side effects.
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