Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) occurs in about 8 cases per 1,000 live births and is responsible for 30% of all neonatal deaths. The reportedly high prevalence of CHD underscores the necessity of the implementation of local evaluations and screening programs in order to plan for appropriate interventions. Regarding this, the present study was performed to determine the prevalence of CHD and its associated risk factors among the newborns with respiratory distress and cyanosis admitted to Vali-e-Asr Hospital in Birjand, Iran, in 2016. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on the records of 199 neonates admitted to the Neonatal Unit of Vali-e-Asr Hospital due to respiratory distress and cyanosis in 2016. The data were collected using a predesigned form covering such information as gender, type of delivery, and gestational diabetes. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software (version 22) using the Chi-squared test. P-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 199 neonates enrolled in this study, 168 (84.4%) cases suffered from CHD. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was the most common anomaly among the neonates (n=85, 50.5%), followed by atrial septal defect (n=41, 24.4%), ventricular septal defect (n=36, 21.4%), transposition of great arteries (n=4, 2.2%), and other complex heart anomalies (e.g., shone complex; n=2, 1.1%), respectively. The results revealed that the presence of CHD, especially PDA, in neonates was associated with their parental interfamily marriage (P=0.024). Conclusions: The high prevalence and mortality of CHD necessitate the control of premarital and preconception potential risk factors (e.g., inter-family marriage) and preparation for the implementation of effective interventions for the neonates with respiratory distress and cyanosis.
Foreign body ingestion is remarkable in adults although the incidence of this issue is more common in children. The complication level of foreign body ingestion depends on the site and type of foreign body. Moreover, partial denture with sharp metal hooks, metal springs, and sharp bone pieces are among the most difficult and hazardous foreign bodies result in fistula formation or esophagus puncture. The reported case in this study was a man with a sharp steel wire in his throat. Rigid and flexible endoscopy are the interventions for the removal of foreign bodies; however, surgery is regarded as a safer and more effective treatment for difficult and hazardous cases.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common skin cancer after basal cell carcinoma. It is aggressive and has metastasis capability; therefore, timely diagnosis can prevent the occurrence of metastasis. There are some treatments available for SCC, such as radiotherapy, topical chemotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, and surgery. In our case, the surgical treatment and radiotherapy were performed due to the results of the examination reports and large dimensions of the lesion.
Introduction: Regarding the progress in surgeries, the mortality rate of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is still low, despite advanced age and comorbidities. One of the independent causes of mortality rate is low ejection fraction (EF). This study aimed to assess mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation in patients with ejection fraction under 30%. In the present study the experience of 20 patients with an EFbelow 30% and 20 patients with an EF above 30% was investigated in Birjand in which only three of the patients died within 2 years after the operation. Methods: This crross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 40 patients in Birjand Vali-e-aser Hospital. Out of the 40 cases, 20 patients had EF below 30% and 20 subjects had EF above 30 %. The files of all the cases undergoing heart surgery with an EF were obtained since 2015 to 2017, and then their demographic features, such as addresses and phone numbers were collected. Afterwards, they were called and their mortality was checked and the data were analyzed with independent-samples t-test. In addition, the ratios were examined in SPSS Software (version 22) and P-value considered higher than 0.05. Results: From 2015 to 2017, the two groups, including 20 patients with EF<30% and 20 patients with EF>30%, undergone CABG surgery in Birjand University of Medical Science, 65% of which were men and 35 % were women with the age range of 64.7 for the cases with EF<30 and 62.5 for the subjects EF>30. One of the patients died with an EF above 30% and two subjects died with EF below 30%. Conclusions: The mortality rate can be reduced with providing appropriate care despite the fact that an EF<30% is an independent cause of mortality and according to the results of the present study which showed three patients died after the CABG operation.
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