Preservative-free latanoprost has at least the same intraocular pressure-lowering efficacy as benzalkonium chloride-latanoprost, with a better tolerability profile. This may translate into greater control of treatment and improved quality of life.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is frequently accompanied by visual symptoms including those related to retinal disorders. Since they may be a consequence of an autoimmune reaction, we examined whether sera of patients with diagnosed MS and changes in visual-evoked potentials contain antibodies against retinal antigens (retAgs). Immunoblot analysis revealed that MS sera recognized mainly a 46-kD antigen, a 41-kD antigen, retinal arrestin, to a smaller extent also 70-, 56-, 43-, and 36-kD proteins. Patients whose sera showed the highest reactivity with 41- and 46-kD antigens had deficiencies in visual acuity, visual fields, ophthalmoscopy, and electroretinograms. Our observation suggests that antibodies to these retAgs may play a role in the origin of ophthalmologic impairment in MS.
Detection of eye abnormalities is necessary in all patients directly after being diagnosed with TS to prevent irreversible deterioration of eye function and permanent poor vision. All girls with TS, irrespective of their karyotype, should be referred to an ophthalmologist.
Heavy metal influence on the environment and humans is well known, although not all aspects are fully understood. Increased manufacturing and industrial growth without any proper approach for usage, distribution, and storage of heavy metals might lead to a very dangerous influence not only on an entire ecosphere, but also might affect human health. Because of different forms of exposure to heavy metals, different forms of after-exposure diseases might appear. Exposure by air, water, direct contact, and even by consumption -along with other less common ways of exposure -have been mentioned globally [1].Soil and water exposed to heavy metals results in both animal and plant metal poisoning. Humans at the end of the food chain are exposed on any long-or short-term influence of heavy metal poisoning [2]. Many variables are related to poison activity on humans and the environment. Factors such as age, coexisting other diseases, and time and type of exposure are very important. Different topics are related to the environment. Type of soil, insolation, and closure to any human habitats and other factors should always be considered when discussing heavy metal exposure. Accumulation of heavy metals is dangerous for the environment. A special focus should be particularly used in order to avoid improper heavy metal disposal and increase a safe and long-term method for waste storage [3]. In order to fully understand the impact of heavy metals on humans and the environment is unlikely to improve factory production and safety standards [4].Evaluate and describe briefly how lead and cadmium heavy metal exposure influences the sight organ and discuss whether it is a common or rare occurrence.Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 24, No. 4 (2015)
AbstractNowadays heavy metals in the environment and everyday life are very common. Their usage and influence in industry is essential. Quite often not only the environment but also general human health might be impacted by their use and presence. Metal poisoning and its effect on living structures and tissues impacts their condition. The environment and every living species in it are heavily vulnerable to any heavy metal exposure and might lead to catastrophic natural disasters. In humans skin irritations and general diseases are not so common, but they do appear, and everyone should be aware of this. In this paper we focus on a very special topic related to heavy metal exposure to eyesight and their influence on this important organ. Lead and cadmium are the most common heavy metals used almost everywhere.
ABSTRACT.Aims: This prospective, multicenter, single-masked study evaluated the additive effect of dorzolamide hydrochloride 2% on the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) curve and retinal and retrobulbar hemodynamics in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) treated with morning-dosed bimatoprost 0.03%. Methods: Eighty-nine patients (aged, 60.7 ± 11.8 years, range 33-80; 68 women) with POAG received bimatoprost dosed once in the morning for 1 month, after which dorzolamide was added twice daily for 2 months. IOP (Goldmann) and arterial blood pressure (BP) and diurnal ocular perfusion pressures (OPP) were measured every 2 hr for 24 hr. Heidelberg retina flowmetry of the retinal microcirculation was recorded four times daily in 64 patients and colour Doppler imaging of the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries was recorded five times daily in 25 patients. All measurements were taken after the two phases of treatment and compared using anova analysis with Bonferroni adjustment.Results: Mean baseline IOP was 16.5 ± 3.4 mmHg. Mean diurnal IOP with dorzolamide adjunctive therapy (12.9 ± 2.1 mmHg) was significantly lower compared to mean IOP with bimatoprost monotherapy (13.6 ± 2.2 mmHg) (p = 0.03). Adjunctive dorzolamide therapy significantly decreased vascular resistance in the ophthalmic artery (p = 0.02). Mean diastolic BP and OPP were significantly lower after adjunctive therapy. There were no changes in retinal microcirculation between the two phases of treatment. Conclusions: Adjunctive dorzolamide therapy to morning-dosed bimatoprost 0.03% reduced diurnal IOP and vascular resistance in the ophthalmic artery but did not alter retinal circulation in this group of patients with POAG.
Background. Despite the development of various methods of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is still the most popular. The measurement using GAT depends on the biomechanical properties of the cornea, such as the thickness, the radius of curvature, as well as the amount of the fluorescein used.
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