Introduction: Pregnancy and childbirth are among the most special moments in women's lives, but are sometimes associated with negative emotions. In many cases, the fear of childbirth leads to a request to perform a caesarean section. Aim of the research: To evaluate the subjective opinion on the perceived fear of childbirth and the effectiveness of participation in childbirth classes depending on the age and education of women surveyed. Material and methods:The questionnaire study included 125 women in the antepartum period involved in antenatal classes. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ 2 test. Results: Women aged 40 and older felt the most fear of childbirth. Those with secondary education were least afraid of childbirth. Those with vocational and higher education had the greatest fear. Women of all ages in the majority were wholly or partly satisfied with participating in Lamaze classes. However, a large percentage of the group of 20-30 years and over 40 years could not use in practice the knowledge and skills gained during the course. The level of education statistically significantly contributed to applying in practice the knowledge and skills obtained in the Lamaze classes. Conclusions: There was a relationship between age and education of women and fear of childbirth. Education differentiates ability to apply in practice the knowledge and skills learned in Lamaze classes. Despite the benefits of participation in the course, one should pay more attention to skills training and implementation of the acquired knowledge and skills.
Introduction: The majority of women in the perimenopausal phase declare experiencing unpleasant psychic and physical symptoms, which are the result of a gradual decrease in production of sex hormones. Women's quality of life in this period depends on generalised expectancies for the future defined as dispositional optimism, and on practising pro-health lifestyle factors. Aim of the research: To evaluate the life orientation, understood as the level of women's dispositional optimism in the perimenopausal phase, and their behavioural patterns related to pro-health lifestyle. Material and methods: The research was conducted in the group of 60 women aged 45-55 years. The obtained results were compared with the results of 55 women aged 25-35 years. In evaluation of women's expectancies for the nearest future, the Life Orientation Test-LOT-R was used. For the purpose of evaluating pro-health behaviours, a test created by the Author was applied. The results were statistically analysed by means of the c² test. For statistical conclusions, the significance level of p < 0.05 was adopted. Results: Perimenopausal women reveal a pessimistic attitude towards approaching future. Perimenopausal symptoms negatively affect the quality of life in the aspect of sexual functions. Perimenopausal women take insufficient prophylactic actions concerning oncological illnesses. Conclusions: Promotion of a healthy lifestyle must make women aware of the necessity of taking care of their health, giving up addictions, starting regular physical activities, and healthy eating habits. In the care of mature women, it is important that the gynaecologist cooperate with other specialists: psychologists, dieticians, and physiotherapists. Streszczenie Wprowadzenie: Większość kobiet w okresie okołomenopauzalnym zgłasza nieprzyjemne objawy psychiczne i fizyczne, które są skutkiem stopniowego zmniejszania się produkcji hormonów płciowych. Jakość życia kobiet w tym czasie zależy od oczekiwań wobec przyszłości, określanych jako dyspozycyjny optymizm, oraz od praktykowania prozdrowotnego stylu życia. Cel pracy: Ocena orientacji życiowej rozumianej jako poziom dyspozycyjnego optymizmu kobiet w wieku okołomenopauzalnym oraz ich zachowań związanych z prozdrowotnym stylem życia. Materiał i metody: Badanie przeprowadzono u 60 kobiet w wieku 45-55 lat. Uzyskane wyniki porównano z wynikami 55 kobiet w wieku 25-35 lat. Oceniając oczekiwania kobiet wobec najbliższej przyszłości, wykorzystano Test orientacji życiowej (LOT-R). W celu oceny zachowań zdrowotnych zastosowano ankietę własnej konstrukcji. Wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej za pomocą testu c². Dla wnioskowania statystycznego przyjęto poziom istotności p < 0,05. Wyniki: Kobiety w okresie okołomenopauzalnym są nastawione pesymistycznie wobec zbliżającej się przyszłości. Objawy okresu okołomenopauzalnego wpływają na pogorszenie jakości życia w zakresie funkcjonowania seksualnego. Kobiety w okresie okołomenopauzalnym w niedostatecznym stopniu podejmują działania profilaktyczne dotyczące chorób onkologicznych....
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