Background and aimsCurrent knowledge about the effect of alcoholic beverages on postprandial functioning of the digestive system is scarce and inconsistent. This study addresses their influence upon meal movement along the gut and meal-induced gallbladder emptying.MethodsThree examination blocks involved each 12 healthy volunteers. Ingestion of a solid 1485 kJ meal was followed by intake of 400 ml beer (4.7 %vol), 200 ml red wine (13.7 %vol) or 100 ml whisky (43.5 %vol) or matching volumes of control fluids. Gastric myoelectrical activity and emptying, orocecal transit and gallbladder emptying was monitored noninvasively.ResultsAlcoholic beverages (beer, red wine, whisky) caused a significant slowdown of the gastric evacuation of the solid meal, the delay being the more potent, the greater was the concentration of ethanol. This inhibitory effect was not caused by interference with the gastric myoelectric activity. Alcoholic beverages produced only by fermentation (beer, red wine), at odds with the effect of their counterpartying aqueous ethanol solutions, did not elongate the orocecal transit of the solid food. Products of distillation—whisky and high proof ethanol solution—elicited a profound delay of the orocecal transit. Alcoholic beverages exerted an inhibitory effect upon the meal-stimulated gallbladder emptying, the magnitude of which increased in the order: beer → red wine → whisky.ConclusionAlcoholic beverages exert an inhibitory effect upon the gastric emptying of a solid food and the meal-induced gallbladder emptying, whereas the effect upon the orocecal transit depends on the type of a beverage—whisky elicits a delay but beer or red wine are devoid of this effect.
The present study was aimed to improve and simplify the 13 C-mixed TAG ( 13 C-MTG) breath test while keeping it acceptable for the patient. Healthy volunteers (ten women and eight men) were examined on four occasions, receiving in a random order 300 mg 13 C-MTG: (1) contained in two wafers; (2) administered with a 50 g wheat roll; as well as given with either (3) 10 or (4) 30 g butter, spread onto a 50 g wheat roll, as the test meal, respectively. Samples of expiratory air were taken for 6 h postprandially for the mass spectroscopic measurement of 13 CO 2 enrichment. After intake of the sole 13 C-MTG, the cumulative 13 C recovery in breath air (AUC) appeared to be unsatisfactory, as after 6 h it did not exceed 10 %. Application of the substrate with the 50 g wheat roll did not bring about any improvement in this parameter. The addition of the unlabelled fat to the test meal dramatically increased the cumulative 13 C recovery. However, we found higher values for the momentary 13 C recovery and AUC with 10 g butter compared with 30 g. It can be concluded that:(1) addition of unlabelled fat is indispensable to obtain a proper course of the breath 13 C elimination during the conduct of the 13 C-MTG breath test and (2) it is possible to apply a considerably smaller amount of the unlabelled fat than has previously been recommended for this test.
1. In the type 1 and 2 according to Crow's classification, good clinical results may be achieved using standard prosthesis stem sizes and press-fit acebutalar component with possibly the smallest diameter providing stable placing. 2. In the case of ty pe III good results are observed using acetabular press-fit method for fixing, after reconstruction of bone defects with osteogenous bone graft. 3. The usage of big head dimensions gives beneficial effects on the osseointegration of the acetabular component and reduces the risk of dislocation. 4. A short follow-up period of the group of patients presented requires further prospective study to evaluate the long-term results.
Exposure to unpleasant tastes leads to disturbances of interdigestive gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and may affect sympathetic/parasympathetic balance (SPB). We made a careful study to determine whether taste stimulation modulates the postprandial GMA, SPB, and gastric emptying (GE) of a solid meal. Eighteen healthy volunteers (9F/9M) entered the study. On six separate days, we recorded a four-channel electrogastrogram from each volunteer during a 35-min fasting period, then for 90 min after ingestion of a solid test meal of 300 kcal. GE was measured using a 13 C-octanoic acid breath test. Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis was simultaneously performed. At the start of the 21st min after the test meal, subjects received an agar cube delivering either a sweet, salty, sour, or bitter taste, which they kept in the mouth for 35 min. Control procedures involved sessions performed with a tasteless agar cube, and without any stimulation. There was no effect of the experimental intervention upon the relative power share of particular GMA rhythms. Stimulation with the salty and the bitter taste evoked a statistically significant increase in the dominant frequency, whereas the sweet and sour taste did not affect it. Taste stimulation did not interfere with the meal-induced rise in the dominant power, nor affect slow wave coupling. The kinetics of the solid GE remained unchanged by the intervention. None of the taste stimulations affected the postprandial SPB. Taste stimulation elicited after ingestion of a meal, in contrast to that during a fast, did not adversely modify the postprandial pattern of either the GMA or SPB, nor affect the GE of solids.
We evaluated the reproducibility of the C-phenylalanine breath test (C-PheBT). On three separate days, 21 healthy volunteers (11 F and 10 M) underwent C-PheBT with 100 mg l-[1-C]phenylalanine taken orally. Short-term reproducibility was evaluated with paired examinations taken 3 days apart; paired examinations separated by 23 days (median) served for the medium-term reproducibility assessment. Expiratory air was sampled at 19 points throughout 3 h. Determined limited reproducibility of the C-PheBT must be taken into consideration while interpreting the results of this diagnostic tool. The results of this study imply the following conclusions: (i) From among the three parameters examined, the cumulativeC recovery area under the curve (AUC) offers much better reproducibility than the maximum momentary C recovery in the expiratory air (D) or the time to reach the maximum momentary C recovery (T) (ii) Collection of the breath air samples for 2 h results in a much better reproducibility of AUC, than for 1 h only; (iii) Reproducibility of C-PheBT is affected neither by the duration of the time gap between repeated tests nor by gender; (iv) Comparison with data obtained formerly reveals that reproducibility of theC-PheBT is worse than either that of of the C-methacetin (C-MBT) or the C-alpha-ketoisocaproic acic (C-KICA-BT) breath tests. This finding will have to be taken into consideration while interpreting the results of this diagnostic tool.
INTRODUCTION. Both insufficient and excessive exposure to UV radiation (UVR) lead to serious health consequences: Caucasian people living in northern Europe commonly suffer from vitamin D deficiencies, constant increasing number of melanoma incidents is alarming. AIM. Assessment of knowledge and selected attitudes among Silesians about ultraviolet radiation. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Study involved 169 adult residents of the one Silesian city. The original, anonymous questionnaire containing 25 questions about UVR was used. Respondents (85 females, 84 males) of different age and level of education were examined. RESULTS. One-third of respondents do not spend time outdoors during sunny weather. The solarium is used by 9% of the studied group. The vitamin D synthesis was a favorable UV effect known by 90% of the respondents. 51% of the group did not know about the UV importance in melanin synthesis. 55% of respondents were not aware of the significance of the SPF (Sun Protective Factor) abbreviation, and 40% of people with the vocational education were convinced that the SPF50+ provides complete sun protection. Only 44% of women and 23% of men differentiated basic skin phototypes. Respondents knew at what time of a day in spring-summer the sun should be avoided, 71% knew about the re-application of a waterproof sunscreens after bath. 64% of women and 37% of men presented the sufficient knowledge of melanoma. Only 38% of respondents paid attention to UV filters when buying sunglasses. CONCLUSIONS. Respondents were aware of the UVR value for the vitamin D synthesis, but only a small percentage declared short-term sun exposures. Women had more knowledge about negative effects of UVR. People over 50 years of age and those with vocational education had a limited knowledge about health effects of UVR.
Diamond microdermabrasion is one of the most popular cosmetological treatments in the field of mechanical, controlled abrasion of the stratum corneum corneocytes. In this study, the influence of micropeeling on the optical properties of the skin features was investigated. The directional reflectance of the skin was measured before and after the procedure. The study involved 15 women aged 23–26. The tests were performed on the surface of the skin in 15 spots—on the forearms, arms and lower legs. Post-treatment reflectance increased significantly in the wavelength range of 700–2500 nm. In the remaining ranges it also increased, except for the range 480–600 nm, in which it decreased, but insignificantly. It was found that the optical properties of the skin after microdermabrasion changed, the directional reflectance of the skin increased, especially in the infrared range. The main conclusion from the conducted research is that the directional-hemispherical reflectance method can be used to identify female skin features in response of microdermabrasion treatment.
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