BackgroundLong-term clinical observations have shown that anxiety disorders influence the etiopathogenesis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in women. The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the structure of overt and covert anxiety, and to examine the impact of the severity of anxiety on five personality traits as described Costa and McCrae.Material/MethodsThe study involved 50 women aged 37 to 74 years, who were treated because of IHD that was confirmed by angiographic examination of the coronary vessels. Psychological studies were conducted using the IPAT Anxiety Scale (Cattell) and NEO-FFI Personality Inventory (Costa and McCrae).ResultsFrom among the 50 women with IHD included in the study, 28 had higher overt anxiety scores than covert anxiety scores. Women with high overt anxiety were more emotionally changeable (C−), became impatient more easily, and expressed disappointment with life. They also worried about life problems more frequently. They had considerable suspiciousness (L+) and less trust towards the environment. They had a much stronger tendency to blame themselves (O+) and had intense internal, neurotic tension (Q4+). Women with high levels of overt anxiety had more neurotic traits (NEU), and lower openness to experience (OPE) scores.ConclusionsWomen with IHD were characterized by a high level of unease and anxiety. This may have resulted from lack of personality harmony, lack of personality integrity, or experienced value crises. Internal tension, auto-aggression, lowered emotional stability, and a sense of threat dominate the structure of unease and anxiety.
Due to high amount of collagen fibres in the structure of bone, the enzymes capable of collagen digestion play a key role in bone remodelling. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), prevailing extracellular endopeptideses, can digest extracellularly located proteins, e.g. collagen, proteoglycans, elastin or fibronectin. Among MMPs, collagenases (MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13) and gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) can cleave collagen particles to forms that are able to undergo further steps of catabolism intracellularly. In addition, activity of the gelatinases (as an activation of proinflammatory cytokines) facilitates spreading inflammation that is necessary during the first stage of bone healing. Further studies related to the role of various MMPs in mandibular fractures should precisely explain their function in the bone healing and evaluate the influence of MMPs inhibitors on that process. This review provides the basic information about two groups among MMPs family, collagenases and gelatinases, and their role in repairing processes after mandibular fractures.
Measurement of cerebral oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy provides continuous and non-invasive information about the oxygen saturation of haemoglobin in the central nervous system. This is especially important in the case of patients with traumatic brain injuries. Monitoring of cerebral oximetry in these patients could allow for the diagnosis of inadequate cerebral oxygenation caused by disturbances in cerebral blood flow. It could enable identification of episodes of hypoxia and cerebral ischemia. Continuous bedside measurement could facilitate the rapid diagnosis of intracranial bleeding or cerebrovascular autoregulation disorders and accelerate the implementation of treatment. However, it should be remembered that the method of monitoring cerebral oximetry by means of near-infrared spectroscopy also has its numerous limitations, resulting mainly from its physical properties. This paper summarizes the usefulness of monitoring cerebral oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy in patients with traumatic brain injury, taking into account the advantages and the disadvantages of this technique.
Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are one of the most important causes of the morbidity and mortality in the Polish and European population, accounting for nearly half of the causes of death. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, especially in view of the predicted increase in mortality rate as a result of these diseases in the aging populations is crucial. The aim: To characterize selected psychological risk factors that predispose to the development of cardiovascular disease. Review and disscusion: Numerous scientific studies indicate the importance of mental and psychosocial factors in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation patients with cardiovascular diseases. In this article the most important psychological risk factors, such as Type A and D personality, stress, depression and depressed mood, anxiety, social support and lifestyle are presented. Conclusions: Population-focused programs devoted to health promotion and informing the general public about the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases should mainly aim at improving people’s lifestyle, in particular with regard to nutrition, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity and mental well-being.
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