Factor analysis is a useful tool for characterising and quantifying the skills that are assessed in an OSCE. Standard setting procedures can be used to calculate cut-off scores for each underlying factor.
We conclude that the rescue of failing students requires early recognition and tailored intervention, with support for all participants.
Sir I read the paper by McDermott, Hughes et al. (Br J Surg 1985; 72: 3 4 7 ) with great interest. I would like to comment on their finding that local recurrence was not as common as evidence of systemic metastases.It has previously been reported' that local recurrence is found with much greater frequency when patients are assessed by necropsy than when they are assessed on purely clinical grounds. The reason for this is that locally recurrent tumour is most often sited outside the bowel lumen and may not become symptomatic until late in its progression. It is difficult to diagnose in life except by CT scanning unless it causes intestinal obstruction. Liver metastases present a different picture. Sensitive biochemical and scanning techniques are available which will detect secondaries in the liver long before they are symptomatic. The result of this discrepancy is that series which are based primarily on clinical observation show a high incidence of hepatic metastases and a low incidence of local recurrence. Series based on necropsy studies show a much higher incidence of local recurrence.I thmk that this offers an explanation for theauthor's statement that 'The finding that local recurrence was not the principal cause of death from recurrent rectal cancer is at variance with several previous reports'.
Test and evaluation are critical to any product development program. The validation of engine sensor products is particularly challenging since the test engine required for validation can range in value from thousands to millions of dollars, costing much more than the sensor product itself. As a result, significant sensor testing and validation is required by an engine owner prior to on-engine testing. To support our development activities and to facilitate test validation acceptance, we have created a test and evaluation platform for gas turbine sensors that will allow us to test developmental sensors in an engine-like environment without risking the possibility of engine damage. Driven by the core exhaust of a JT15-D engine, the Dynamic Rotor Research Rig (DR3) test and evaluation platform provides a test capability that is highly representative of the high temperatures, vibrations, gasses, fluids and overall gas turbine engine environment, while providing the means to easily add and replace sensors, add and test custom rotors, control temperature and rotor speeds, and to not risk engine health during test activities. Here we will discuss our sensor testing goals and how they fed into the operational goals and design considerations for the DR3. Early design concepts and the ultimate approach we took with the DR3 design will be explored, along with the candidate test rig component and subassembly fabrication processes that we evaluated and ultimately selected for use. We will review the manufacturing issues that we encountered during the construction phase of the DR3 and overview the commissioning of the DR3, problems that we discovered during start up and how we solved them. Included will be the results of initial turbine blade clearance and blade tip timing sensor testing performed on the DR3 and an evaluation of the DR3 performance, including temperature and speed control of the test rig and other characterization of the operating regime of the rig. Finally, we will present future plans to upgrade the DR3 rig to support future high temperature sensor and blade health monitoring development activities.
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