Variation of non-resonant microwave absorption (NRMA) signal amplitude in single-phase Bi-2212 (5 wt % Ag) sintered pellets (Tc° ∼96 K) while increasing temperature from 15 to 105 K has been investigated and discussed. These studies show an undulatory behavior of an initial fall in the amplitude (15–71.8 K) with a subsequent narrow weak temperature independent region (71.8–75.6 K) and then a rise peaking at ∼82.5 K followed by a final exponential fall (82.5–105 K). A detailed discussion on earlier reported data has suggested that this undulatory behavior cannot be understood in terms of existing approaches involving effect of Josephson interactions (JI) alone among vortices. In our opinion, the entire undulatory behavior observed in the present samples can be explained with the inclusion of electromagnetic interaction (EMI) along with JI.
A low-cost multi-edged rectangular microstrip fractal antenna (RMFA) yielding a huge bandwidth of 8.62[Formula: see text]GHz has been proposed in this paper. The proposed fractal antenna design constitutes a radiation patch, fed with 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text] microstrip line and a partial ground plane. The partial ground plane is the combination of shapes of rectangle and three-point arc. The proposed antenna is simulated as well as fabricated. The simulated results using electromagnetic solver software and measured with vector network analyzer bench MS46322A are presented and compared. The various parameters such as return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), antenna impedance, gain, directivity, group delay and phase of [Formula: see text], radiation efficiency and patterns are presented here. The depth of return loss is improved for a wide range of frequencies. The proposed fractal antenna is further extended to linear array to improve the gain and impedance bandwidth. The simulated and measured results prove the superiority of the proposed antenna.
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