The Asparagus plant is considered to be a palatable chemical source against treating infectious diseases and flavorings. Its prevalent distribution is well-known in Asian and sub-Asian regions. Objective: To understand different activities that have been functional in the stem and leaf extracts of Asparagus officinalis including antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Further, phytochemical constituents of asparagus are also discussed. Methods: The antibacterial assay of extracts for the variety of bacteria, indicated a maximum inhibition zone against Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) (24 mm) followed by Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (34 mm), whereas Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) (14 mm) at their respective temperature a minimum inhibition zone after 24 hours and 48 hours of incubation (37 °C for bacteria). Results: As a robust antioxidant reference standard, these antioxidant activities resulted in the stable radical 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). It can be reduced to yellow-coloured DPPH-H, reaching 75.81% of the DPPH scavenging impact at its 100% concentration in contrast to ascorbic acid. Various experiments have been carried out, including the Molisch test, Ninhydrin test, Wagner’s test, Alkaline reagent test, Froth test, Ferric reagent test, and Salkowski test for the phytochemical analysis. Conclusion: To sum that up, carbohydrates, saponins, and flavonoids are present in these extracts. These extracts were found to perform satisfactory activities in all tests.
Since the outbreak of COVID-19, scientists have applied various techniques to diagnose and treat the viral disease. However, due to the limitations of other methods, they deployed Clustered-Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein (CRISPR/Cas) system that not just successfully diagnosed but also facilitated the therapeutic treatment of the COVID-19. CRISPR-Cas9 was first identified in the bacteria E. coli, which has a unique immune system for cutting the nucleic structures of invasive species. Scientists studied the bacterial system that led to the development of an identical model, generally called the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system. It has a guide RNA (gRNA) and Cas9 proteins; gRNA identifies and leads cas9 protein to cleave the specific sequence. This technique has dynamic applications, such as the ability to correct mutations by cleaving the mutant cells and to detect and develop optimal treatments for viral diseases like severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2). Apart from the extensive advantages of CRISPR-Cas technology, there are serious concerns regarding the commercialization of this technique. A rational suggestion would be to use it to resist a pandemic like COVID-19 rather than triggering another human race of genome enhancement. This article is aimed to review the background of CRISPR-Cas9, its mechanism as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for COVID-19, whereas its limitations, future aspects, and ethical boundaries are discussed subsequently
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