The object of this paper is to study the specificity of the dynamics of carbon monoxide in mining to determine the location of the source of coal self-heating or spontaneous combustion. The Fire Dynamics Simulator software package was used to model the gas hazard of coal mine workings. Given the typical details for the western coal basin of Donbas geo metric dimensions of workings, properties of coal, etc., a model of a fragment of emergency mining of a coal mine was created, which allows for the display of geometric and physical similarity to processes in actual mine workings. The results of the simulation for the studied scenarios with different air supply systems related to the detection and location of sources of self-heating or spontaneous combustion in the coal mine workings were obtained and analysed. It was established that low-density fire gases are concentrated in the vault of the workings, where they slowly dissolve in the air, with the dissolution process being linear. It was revealed that air velocity up to 0.67 to 0.7 m/s contributes to the formation of fire gas flows, which move towards the ventilation flow, almost without mixing, which is referred to as bifurcation. Numerical parameters of fire gas dynamics in near-real conditions were established, which can become a basis for the detection and location of sources of endogenous thermodynamic processes in mine workings.
Development of a functional model of the process of creating a knowledge base on the recognition of objects and actions of the enemy on the basis of neural networks and fuzzy logic. The aim of the work is to develop a set of software and hardware designed for remote identification of hazardous substances by machine visual recognition of information signs of dangerous goods with the output of relevant information to the means of visual display (interface). Recommendations concerning providing UAVs with the necessary technical means to monitor the zone of emergencies are analyzed. The recommendations of the organization of radio communication between the UAV and the operator depending on the range of the UAV departure, terrain conditions etc are analyzed and given. The structural scheme of the complex of remote recognition of HC in the form of blocks, units and software and hardware is developed. As a result of the analysis of programming systems, it was found that Python programming language is the best choice to ensure the full operation of the software due to the built-in capabilities and the involvement of third-party frameworks. A database containing information on more than 3.000 HCs with detailed recommendations for emergency response is developed. The hardware and software complex for remote identification of dangerous substances by machine visual recognition of information signs of dangerous goods by UAV, consisting of unmanned aerial platform with photo-video recording means, data transmission system to ground control station, PC for processing results and related software are substantiated and developed. A test of the UAV's capabilities in recognizing danger signs with UN numbers in different lighting conditions was tested. In all cases, the HC was accurately identified. The ideas and methods proposed in this article will allow to create cheap and simple tools for rescue units of Ukraine, which deal with the consequences of emergencies related to the leakage of HCs.
Бас редактор ЖҰРЫНОВ Мұрат Жұрынұлы, химия ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі, Қазақстан Республикасы Ұлттық Ғылым академиясының президенті, АҚ «Д.В. Сокольский атындағы отын, катализ және электрохимия институтының» бас директоры (Алматы, Қазақстан) H = 4 Ғылыми хатшы АБСАДЫКОВ Бахыт Нарикбайұлы, техника ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА жауапты хатшысы, А.Б. Бектұров атындағы химия ғылымдары институты (Алматы, Қазақстан) H = 5 Р е д а к ц и я л ы қ а л қ а: ӘБСАМЕТОВ Мәліс Құдысұлы (бас редактордың орынбасары), геология-минералогия ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА академигі, «У.М. Ахмедсафина атындағы гидрогеология және геоэкология институтының» директоры (Алматы, Қазақстан) H = 2 ЖОЛТАЕВ Герой Жолтайұлы (бас редактордың орынбасары), геология-минералогия ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, Қ.И. Сатпаев тындағы геология ғылымдары институтының директоры (Алматы, Қазақстан) Н=2 СНОУ Дэниел, Рһ.D, қауымдастырылған профессор, Небраска университетінің Су ғылымдары зертханасының директоры (Небраска штаты, АҚШ) H = 32 ЗЕЛЬТМАН Реймар, Рһ.D, табиғи тарих мұражайының Жер туралы ғылымдар бөлімінде петрология және пайдалы қазбалар кен орындары саласындағы зерттеулердің жетекшісі (Лондон, Англия) H = 37 ПАНФИЛОВ Михаил Борисович, техника ғылымдарының докторы, Нанси университетінің профессоры (Нанси, Франция) Н=15 ШЕН Пин, Рһ.D, Қытай геологиялық қоғамының тау геологиясы комитеті директорының орынбасары, Американдық экономикалық геологтар қауымдастығының мүшесі (Пекин, Қытай) H = 25 ФИШЕР Аксель, Ph.D, Дрезден техникалық университетінің қауымдастырылған профессоры (Дрезден, Берлин) Н = 6 КОНТОРОВИЧ Алексей Эмильевич, геология-минералогия ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, РҒА академигі, А.А. Трофимука атындағы мұнай-газ геологиясы және геофизика институты (Новосибирск, Ресей) H = 19 АГАБЕКОВ Владимир Енокович, химия ғылымдарының докторы, Беларусь ҰҒА академигі, Жаңа материалдар химиясы институтының құрметті директоры (Минск, Беларусь) H = 13 КАТАЛИН Стефан, Рһ.D, Дрезден техникалық университетінің қауымдастырылған профессоры (Дрезден, Берлин) H = 20 СЕЙТМҰРАТОВА Элеонора Юсуповна, геология-минералогия ғылымдарының докторы, профессор, ҚР ҰҒА корреспондент-мүшесі, Қ.И. Сатпаев атындағы Геология ғылымдары институты зертханасының меңгерушісі (Алматы, Қазақстан) Н=11 САҒЫНТАЕВ Жанай, Ph.D, қауымдастырылған профессор, Назарбаев университеті (Нұр-Сұлтан, Қазақстан) H = 11 ФРАТТИНИ Паоло, Рһ.D, Бикокк Милан университеті қауымдастырылған профессоры (Милан, Италия) H = 28 «Известия НАН РК. Серия геологии и технических наук».
Purpose. Ensuring the protection of people from emergency situations related to fires in buildings belonging to cultural heritage sites by means of mathematical modeling of dynamic processes and phenomena characteristic of fire. Methods. The FDS software complex, which numerically solves the Navier-Stokes equation for low-speed temperature-dependent flows, was used to determine the dangerous factors of fire. An analytical model of the movement of people during a fire was used to calculate the evacuation time. Results. Based on the results of the simulation, the values of fire hazard factors in the volume of the building have been calculated, and the dependence of the indicators on time has also been determined. The obtained data illustrate the spread of dangerous fire factors in premises with a complex planning scheme. They are necessary for the rational placement of people in order to increase their safety in the event of an emergency. Due to mathematical modeling, we get information about which security measures should be given special attention. Scientific novelty of the obtained results lies in the fact that for the conditions of precisely such parameters of the volume-planning decisions of the building, the time of the onset of the critical value of dangerous fire factors and the time of evacuation of people from the premises have been determined. Practical significance of the obtained results lies in the possibility of using the principles and approaches presented in the work for similar cultural heritage sites to determine the necessary evacuation time, which allows increasing the safety of visitors and staff during an emergency situation. In this type of premises, special emphasis should be placed on equipping with visual indicators of evacuation routes.
The study of the factors that form the threats to the violation of the properties of the availability and integrity of aeromonitoring video information in the system of prevention and elimination of crisis situations. The direction of increasing the availability of video information based on the use of compression technology for encoding video data has been substantiated. It is shown that to eliminate the drawback associated with lowering the lower boundary of the differential polyadic space, it is necessary for the perforation technology to additionally take into account the binary mask of burst elements of the upper and lower levels. The main conceptual components of the image compression method to increase the availability of video information, based on the coding of composite numbers with a mask in a differential perforated polyadic space, have been developed. The main results of a comparative assessment of the basic component of information availability in aeromonitoring systems are presented.
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